坚毅的概念、测量与作用
Grit: A Determinate Character of Triumphing Success
- Authors:
- Keywords: Grit; Self-control; Conscientiousness; Virtues; Character strengths; Super-ordinate goal; Selfachievement坚毅; 自我控制; 意志力; 美德与性格优势; 高层次目标; 个人成就
- Abstract: Grit, defined as passion and perseverance for long-term goals, is related but separable with conscientiousness, self-control and virtue of conscientiousness. In other words, grit is a positive character focusing on individuals’ super-ordinate goals. Based on the interest of super-ordinate goals and the current situation, grittier people will regulate their cognition and behavior for pursuing highest level goals. Theoretically and empirically, grit is essential to success in different areas. Moreover, downward counterfactual thinking and deliberate practice are cognitive and behavioral mechanisms linking grit to self-achievement, respectively. The psychological antecedents of grit include optimistic explanatory style, motivational orientations to happiness and growth mindset. However, future research should aim to make a thorough inquiry on the concept and structure of grit in the Chinese context, refine measurements of grit, explore the positive and negative effects of grit, and study correlated antecedents and their interactions of grit for building its framework.坚毅（Grit）的定义是对长远目标的热情和坚持不懈。不同于尽责性、自我控制、意志力，坚毅实质上是一种由热情和坚持不懈两项性格优势所组成的，专注于追求高层次目标（长远目标）的积极品质。目前，已有的实证研究均表明，坚毅是促进个人成就的重要因素。坚毅对个人成就在行为和认知上的作用机制分别表现为刻意训练和下行反事实思维。影响坚毅的因素主要有乐观的解释风格、追求幸福的目的和成长型思维模式。未来的研究应该着重深化坚毅在中国文化背景下的心理学概念及其结构，改进测量坚毅的方法，进一步考察坚毅对个人成就的作用机制，此外还需重点考察坚毅的影响因素。
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Funding
辅导员职业倦怠研究现状与展望——基于 CNKI 核心期刊文献研究
Current Status and Future Direction of Research of College Advisors’ Job burnout
- Authors:
- Keywords: College advisors; Job burnout; Empirical research辅导员; 职业倦怠; 实证研究
- Abstract: Based on the key journals of CNKI data pool, we reviewed the current status of research of college advisors’ job burnout and concluded that related research is lack of multi-perspective such as monotonous method adaption and theoretical approach。In future, researcher could study college advisors’ job burnout from different perspective and use novel method like experience sampling method.以知网（CNKI）的核心期刊为样本，收集和整理辅导员职业倦怠的文献，发现辅导员职业倦怠的研究情况有视角较单一、方法欠丰富、理论缺深入的现状。未来可以从拓展研究视角和丰富研究方法来加强辅导员职业倦怠的研究。
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