A study of the expropriation of data in emergency situations
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- Keywords: Emergency situations; Data expropriation; Legal issues; Social ethics; Legal regulation
- Abstract: With the rapid development of information technology, data has become an important resource in modern society. In emergency situations, such as natural disasters and public health events, the timely acquisition and utilisation of data is of great significance for effective response and loss mitigation. However, the expropriation of data in emergencies also involves a series of legal issues and social ethical problems. This article examines the issue of government expropriation of data in emergency situations. The article firstly analyses the necessity and legality of data expropriation, analyses the risks of data expropriation in emergency situations and puts forward corresponding suggestions, and finally puts forward an outlook on the development of the future data expropriation system, stressing that while ensuring data quality and improving the efficiency of expropriation, more attention should be paid to data security and privacy protection.
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Public Kindergartens or “Private Tutoring Institutions” —A Case Study on the Phenomenon of Rural Kindergartens Becoming Primary Schools under Market Competition
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- Keywords: market competition; Rural kindergartens; Elementary school; Case study
- Abstract: In the process of marketization of kindergartens, the phenomenon of elementary school in rural early childhood education still exists. This study uses the qualitative research method to deeply describe the current phenomenon of elementary school in rural kindergartens, explore its social structure motivation, and then analyze the survival path dependence of rural kindergartens. The study found that rural kindergartens have social realities such as losing educational goals, paying attention to parents’ education requirements, and seeking parents’ satisfaction through teaching activities. It also found that the social structure motivation of the phenomenon of elementary school in rural kindergartens and the survival strategy of kindergartens showed dynamic changes and cross-field characteristics, and based on this, the internal mechanism of the phenomenon of elementary school in rural kindergartens was constructed.
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Cultural Gender Metaphors in Modern Chinese Fiction
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- Keywords: critical cognitive analysis; gender metaphor; modern Chinese fiction; sexism/gender discrimination
- Abstract: Gender metaphors used in literary works are not merely ornamental linguistic or rhetorical devices, but are more importantly, ideological cognitive tools that exploit the readers’ search for cognitive efficiency, often giving rise to covertly sexist interpretations. However, gender metaphor has received relatively little attention in Chinese literary discourse studies. Based on a self-built corpus of ten modern Chinese fictions that consists of around 1,470,640 words, this paper aims first to identify gender metaphorical expressions in mainstream literary works during a special historical era (the Republican Era: 1912–1949), and then, by analyzing gender metaphors via a critical cognitive analysis framework, to reveal the underlying social and cultural ideologies so as to increase the consciousness of readers’ critical reading.
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