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环境侵权惩罚性损害赔偿制度研究

Analysis of Punitive Compensation System for Environmental Infringement

Advance in Law / 2020,2(1): 1-15 / 2020-01-03 4328 7271

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• Authors: 刘俏     
• Information:

  中南财经政法大学，武汉

• Keywords: Environmental Torts; Punitive compensation; Environmental protection 环境侵权；惩罚性损害赔偿；环境保护
• Abstract: All damages can not be compensated from the traditional environmental tort compensation system. It is time for China to introduce punitive system for environmental torts for the sake of ecological environment protection. We have to identify the punitive system for environmental tort system and make it adaptable to China’s reality. First, it is necessary to understand concepts of environment, tort, environmental torts and punitive system. Second, there is an overview of punitive systems for environmental torts both at home and abroad. At present, punitive systems find no expressions in China’s environmental protection law but compensation systems. To tackle serious environmental issues in China, it is justifiable to implement the punitive system for environmental protection. This means, foreign punitive systems of environmental protection guides work to our legislation and judicial application, especially from America, Canada, France. Finally, fundamental torts provides support to the rationality of it on the basis of social theory foundation, economic theory analysis and legal basis. Meanwhile, specific details about punitive systems for environmental torts include environmental governance social fund system, environmental responsibility insurance system and public litigation and information disclosure system. 传统的环境侵权补偿性赔偿制度无法弥补全面损失，应当引入惩罚性 损害赔偿制度进行生态环境保护。制度引入需要正确定位其概念以使其本土化。 首先，明确环境概念、侵权概念、环境侵权概念以及惩罚性赔偿概念。其次， 描述国内外环境侵权惩罚性赔偿制度概况。我国目前的环境保护法没有确立惩 罚性赔偿制度，使用传统的补偿性赔偿制度。解决严峻的环保问题引入惩罚性 赔偿制度具有正当性。外国环境法中惩罚性赔偿制度的运用对于我国环保法的 立法和司法实践具有借鉴意义，比如美国、加拿大、法国。最后，阐释环境侵 权领域构建惩罚性损害赔偿制度的基础理论支撑。从社会学理论基础、经济学 理论分析、法理依据三个维度进行说明引入惩罚性损害赔偿制度的合理性，同 时对惩罚性损害赔偿制度的具体构建提出了环境治理社会基金制度、构建环境 责任保险制度、健全公益诉讼和信息公开制度的建议。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/al.0201001
• Cite: 刘俏．环境侵权惩罚性损害赔偿制度研究［J］．法学进展，2020，2（1）：1-15．
  https://doi.org/10.35534/al.0201001