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董事对公司债权人承担赔偿责任的 正当性分析——以英国判例法为借鉴

Analysis of the Legitimacy of Directors’ Liability to Company’s Creditors — Drawing on English Case Law

法学进展 / 2024,6(1)：22-37 / 2024-03-07 51 87

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• 作者： 郭俊清     
• 单位：

  上海政法学院，上海

• 关键词： 董事信义义务；共同侵权；有限替代责任
• Directors’ fiduciary duty; Joint tort; Limited vicarious liability
• 摘要： 长久以来，董事虽然实际控制公司的经营活动，但是在公司正常经营的状态下，公司董事通常受到法人机关理论与商业判断规则的庇护仅对公司负责，无需直接向公司的债权人承担任何赔偿责任。然而，在现代公司治理过程中，随着董事对公司控制权的扩张，不断发生董事滥用职权以公司的名义为自己牟利进而损害公司债权人利益的案件，由董事控制的公司很难实现向有过错的董事追偿，公司债权人也无法直接向董事主张赔偿责任，董事在此类案件中不用承担任何责任反而获利也难免有违公平原则。随着公司法最新一次的修订，董事对公司债权人的责任承担问题也逐渐浮出水面，《新公司法》第一百九十一条有关董事对公司债权人承担赔偿责任的理论基础也再一次引发学界讨论。本文通过研读英国判例法分析董事对公司债权人承担赔偿责任的法理依据，并以此为借鉴，结合侵权责任与董事的信义义务两个角度来论证《新公司法》第一百九十一条规定的正当性。
• In the process of modern corporate governance, with the expansionof the director’s control over the company, there have been cases wherethe director abuses his power to make profit for himself in the name of thecompany to the detriment of the company’s creditors, and it will be difficult forthe company controlled by the director to realise the recovery of compensationfrom the director at fault, and the company’s creditors cannot directly claimindemnification from the director. However, the director will not bear anyresponsibility in such cases, which would violate the principle of fairness.Principle of fairness. With the latest revision of the Company Law, the issue ofdirectors’ liability to company’s creditors has gradually surfaced. This paper willanalyse the jurisprudential basis for directors’ liability to company creditors byreviewing English case law, as a reference, and argue the legitimacy of Article190 of the revised Companies Law from the perspectives of tort liability anddirectors’ fiduciary duty.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/al.0601003
• 引用： 郭俊清．董事对公司债权人承担赔偿责任的正当性分析——以英国判例法为借鉴［J］．法学进展，2024，6（1）：22-37.