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夫妻一方对外侵权之债的司法认定规则研究

Study on the Rules of Judicial Determination of the Debt of one of the Spouses for External Torts

Advance in Law / 2024,6(3): 291-303 / 2024-08-09 320 280

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• Authors: 贾静
• Information:

  上海政法学院，上海

• Keywords:
  Joint spousal debt; Tortious debt; Assumption of debt; Limitation of liability
  夫妻共同债务; 侵权之债; 债务承担; 责任限定
• Abstract: The recognition of joint debt of husband and wife has been widely concerned by many scholars and judicial practice, because the practice of joint debt of husband and wife in the majority of contractual debt, so the husband and wife of the debt of infringement of little attention by the legislators, after the promulgation of the Civil Code, the husband and wife of infringement of the debt of the responsibility of the determination of the debt is still not responded to and resolved, which has led to the judicial practice due to the lack of corresponding legal provisions, such cases have ambiguities in the legal provisions invoked, the rules of determination, the division of responsibility. ambiguities in the invocation of legal provisions, rules of determination, and division of responsibility. When the courts deal with similar cases, the applicable legal provisions are very different, leading to the phenomenon of different judgments in the same case, which is a loss of judicial credibility. Therefore, this paper summarizes the shortcomings by listing and comparing the decisions of different courts on such cases, further clarifies the nature of the husband and wife's debt of infringement, discusses the definition criteria, and clarifies the scope of responsibility of the non-infringing party, with a view to realizing the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the non-infringing party and the relief of the victim in relative balance, and providing feasible opinions for the longstanding gaps in legislation in the field. 夫妻共同债务的认定问题受到了众多学者和司法实务界的广泛关注，由于实践中夫妻共同债务中合同之债居多，故夫妻侵权之债很少受到立法者们的关注，《民法典》颁布后，有关夫妻侵权之债的责任认定仍然没有得到回应和解决，这就导致司法实践中由于没有对应的法律条文，此类案件在法律条文援引、认定规则、责任划分等方面具有歧义。法院在处理同类案件时，适用的法律条文大相径庭，导致出现同案不同判的现象，有失司法公信力。因此，本文通过列举比较不同法院对此类案件的裁判思路，总结不足，进一步厘清夫妻侵权之债的性质，探讨界定标准，明确非侵权方的责任范围，以期实现非侵权方合法权益的保障与受害者救济的相对平衡，为长期以来该领域立法上的空白提供可行性意见。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/al.0603024
• Cite: 贾静．夫妻一方对外侵权之债的司法认定规则研究［J］．法学进展，2024，6（3）：291-303.