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核污水跨境排放的国际法应对

International Law Response to Cross-border Nuclear Contaminated Water Discharge

Advance in Law / 2025,7(1): 117-129 / 2025-02-19 115 278

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• Authors: 覃皓彬¹      胡凌宇²     
• Information:

  1. 北京化工大学文法学院，北京；
  2. 上海交通大学凯原法学院，上海

• Keywords: Nuclear contaminated water discharge; Environment; International law; Comprehensive treatment 核污水跨境排放；环境保护；国际法；综合治理
• Abstract: Cross-border discharge of nuclear contaminated water will cause irreversible damage to human health, the international Marine environment and even the entire biosphere. At present, the international treatment of crossborder discharge of nuclear contaminated water is faced with the following difficulties: first, the discharge standards of various countries are different, resulting in the inability to claim rights according to domestic standards; Second, the IAEA’s powers are limited and it lacks the power of decisive intervention, independent investigation and supervision. Third, the legal consequences of arbitrary emissions are absent. In this regard, the international community should strengthen cooperation and build a comprehensive system of prevention before the event, restriction during the event and relief after the event from the dual dimensions of law and technology. 核污水跨境排放会对人体健康、国际海洋环境乃至整个生物圈造成不可逆转的损害。当前国际上对核污水跨境排放行为的治理面临如下困境：一是各国的排放标准各异，导致无法依据国内标准主张权利；二是IAEA职权受限，缺乏果断介入、独立的排查与监督的权力；三是任意排放的法律后果缺位。对此，国际社会应当加强合作，主要从法律角度构建起事前预防、事中限制和事后救济的综合治理体系，辅之以相应的技术支持。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/al.0701011
• Cite: 覃皓彬，胡凌宇．核污水跨境排放的国际法应对［J］．法学进展，2025，7（1）：117-129.