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刑事司法鉴定制度庭审运作的实证研究

An Empirical Study on the Trial Operation of Criminal Justice Identification System

Criminal Justice Science & Governance / 2020,1(1): 78-103  / 2020-07-13 1036 1618

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• Authors: 王露平     
• Information:

  西南政法大学，重庆

• Keywords: Civil proceedings; Judicial appraisal disputes; Appraisal disputes; Resolution mechanism 刑事司法鉴定制度；庭审运作；实证研究
• Abstract: The criminal justice identification system in trial is an inseparable system, but Chinese scholars’ empirical research on criminal justice identification system is generally based on a single link, selecting a certain court or a few cases in last year or in recent years for field research. Based on the data of 600 judgment documents before and after the second revision of the Criminal Procedure Law, this article observes the operation of Chinese criminal justice identification system in large-scale and long-term trials. It is found that the criminal justice identification system has the characteristics of low objection rate, low application rate and high acceptance rate in the trial operation. After the second revision of the Criminal Procedure Law, the operation of the criminal justice identification system has not substantially improved. In the investigation and prosecution stage, the maximum dispute is resolved before the trial. In the trial, defense ability of the defender and the ability of the judge to examine evidence should be taken into consideration, so as to maximize the efficiency of the lawsuit and rationally allocate judicial resources, and to find out the disputed facts of the case through appraisal substantial operation in the trial. 刑事司法鉴定制度在庭审中的运作是一个不可割裂的体系，但我国学者目前对刑事司 法鉴定制度的实证研究一般都是仅基于某个单一环节选择某一或某几个法院近一年或近几年的 案件进行实地调研。本文基于《刑事诉讼法》第二次修改前后的 600 份裁判文书数据，观察我 国刑事司法鉴定制度大范围、长时段内在庭审中的运作情况，发现刑事司法鉴定制度在庭审运 作中呈现出低异议率、低申请率、高采信率的特点，《刑事诉讼法》第二次修改实施后刑事司 法鉴定制度的运作效果并没有实质性的改善。在侦控阶段将涉鉴争议最大程度解决在庭前，同 时在庭审中从辩方质证能力、裁判者审查能力等方面同时着手，才能最大化地提高诉讼效率、 合理配置司法资源，通过鉴定意见在庭审中的实质性运作来查清涉鉴案件的争议事实。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/cjsg.0101007
• Cite: 王露平．刑事司法鉴定制度庭审运作的实证研究［J］．刑事司法科学与治理，2020，1（1）：78-103．
  https://doi.org/10.35534/cjsg.0101007