国际中文开源期刊平台

刑事诉讼中科学证据的理论反思与路径优化

Theoretical Reflection and Path Optimization of Scientific Evidence in Criminal Procedure

刑事司法科学与治理 / 2021,2(1)：28-36 / 2021-06-23 324 292

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• 作者： 李晓东     
• 单位：

  中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院，武汉

• 关键词： 科学证据；科学；技术；概率；经验；有效性
• Criminal science and technology evidence; Science; Technology; Probability; Experience; Effectiveness
• 摘要： 随着科学技术的飞速发展，相关科学技术应用于刑事诉讼过程中必然会催生出不同种类的证据材料，进而对当前的证据体系造成冲击。对于科学证据需要从诉讼法与科学技术两个维度进行有机整合，科学证据是在诉讼过程中，对具有规律性、相对稳定性、简单性的知识体系和认识方法以及由相关知识所生发出的工具，为追求和实现案件实体公正和程序公正所发现和认识的用以证明案件事实的证据材料。其理论体系既包括哲学社会科学，又包括自然社会科学，对于科学证据，形成“哲学——科学与技术——诉讼法与证据法”的“金字塔结构”，诉讼法和证据法则处于塔尖的位置。同时，应当以“需求——目的”“概率——逻辑”“经验——科学”“有效性——可靠性”作为其分析框架。在科学证据在刑事诉讼过程的应用方面，应当构建专家“相对降维”与法官“相对升维”互动机制、科学证据的有效性标准和科学证据的相关制度。
• With the rapid development of science and technology, the application of relevant science and technology in the process of criminal proceedings will give birth to different kinds of evidence materials, and then impact the current evidence system. Evidence for criminal science and technology should be from two dimensions of criminal law and the science and technology to carry on the organic integration, criminal science and technology, the evidence is in the process of criminal procedure, used with regularity, relative stability, simplicity of the system of knowledge and cognition method and spawned by the relevant knowledge of tools, to pursue and realize the case and entity justice and procedure justice have found evidence to prove the fact of the case material. Its theoretical system includes not only philosophy and social sciences, but also natural and social sciences for the evidence of criminal science and technology, forming the “pyramid structure” of “philosophy-science and technology-criminal law and evidence law”, and criminal law and evidence law are at the top of the pyramid. At the same time, should with “demand-purpose”, “probability-logic”, “experience-science”, “reliability-validity” as the analysis framework. In the application of criminal science and technology evidence, we should construct the interactive mechanism of expert’s “relative dimension reduction” and judge’s “relative dimension increase”, the validity standard of criminal science and technology evidence and the related system of criminal science and technology evidence.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/cjsg.0201004
• 引用： 李晓东 ．刑事诉讼中科学证据的理论反思与路径优化［J］．刑事司法科学与治理，2021，2（1）：28-36．