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刑事政策视域下正当防卫评判视角研究

Research on the Perspective of Justifiable Defense Evaluation from the Perspective of Criminal Policy

Criminal Justice Science & Governance / 2022,3(1): 57-62 / 2022-06-23 433 481

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• Authors: 黄文菊      时伟涛     
• Information:

  中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院，武汉

• Keywords: Criminal policy; Justifiable defense; Judgment perspective; Traditional perspective; Defender Perspective 刑事政策；正当防卫；评判视角；传统视角；防卫人视角
• Abstract: The judgment angle of justifiable defense affects and even determines the judgment result of justifiable defense. The perspective of judgment is guided by criminal policy. In the past 40 years, the traditional judgment perspective of “only result theory” has been prevailing in China’s legitimate defense for a long time. This judgment perspective is formed under the influence of the criminal policy of “maintaining stability and cracking down hard”. The traditional judgment perspective takes the result of defense damage as the main or only judgment standard, which has led to the problem of “difficult to establish” in China’s legitimate defense for decades. In order to better realize the legislative purpose of justifiable defense and protect human rights, the perspective of justifiable defense evaluation should be changed from the traditional perspective to the perspective of defender, so as to adapt to the direction of criminal policy adjustment, realize the legislative purpose of justifiable defense and realize the unification of criminal law standards. 正当防卫的评判视角影响乃至决定着正当防卫的评判结果。评判视角又受着刑事政策或宏观或微观的指引。在过去的四十多年里，我国正当防卫长期盛行“唯结果论”的传统评判视角，这种评判视角正是“维稳与严打”刑事政策下的产物。传统评判视角以防卫损害结果为主要或唯一评判标准，导致几十年来我国正当防卫存在“成立难”的问题，极大地打击了人民群众维护自身权益的信心和勇气，也背离了正当防卫的立法初衷。为了更好地实现正当防卫的立法目的和保障人权，正当防卫评判视角应由传统视角转向防卫人视角，以适应刑事政策调整的方向、实现正当防卫的立法目的和实现刑法使用标准的统一。
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.35534/cjsg.0301008
• Cite:

  黄文菊，时伟涛．刑事政策视域下正当防卫评判视角研究［J］．刑事司法科学与治理，2022，3（1）：57-62．