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鉴定人出庭实质质证的路径研究

A Study on the Paths of Substantive Cross-Examination for Expert Witnesses Appearing in Court

丁寒, 周廉朕

Criminal Justice Science & Governance / 2026,7(1): 146-157 / 2026-07-14 26 15

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• Information:

  中国政法大学刑事司法学院，北京

• Keywords:
  Substantive trial; Expert witnesses appearing in court; Substantive cross-examination; Path research
  庭审实质化; 鉴定人出庭; 实质质证; 路径研究
• Abstract: Promoting the substantive cross-examination of expert witnesses in court is a crucial step toward achieving substantive trials and a key component of the criminal litigation system reform centered on trial proceedings. Through a systematic review of normative texts and judicial practices, this study identifies significant gaps between the established system and its implementation. Although Chinese legislation clearly stipulates the circumstances, procedures, and rights and obligations regarding expert witness testimony, formalistic practices frequently occur in practice. This paper adopts procedural legitimacy as its theoretical foundation, revealing the causes of institutional challenges at both the normative logic and practical mechanism levels. It argues that the absence of the necessity review mechanism for court appearances, insufficient scientific evidentiary capacity among litigation participants, an inadequate technical support system, and the weak safeguards for expert witnesses’ rights are the core reasons for the current system’s dysfunction. Based on this analysis, the paper advocates for strengthening the standards for court appearance review and judicial accountability in procedural design; improving systems for expert assistants, technical investigators, and scientific evidence support in capacity building; and establishing a reasonable incentive and compensation mechanism in rights protection. Reconstructing the institutional chain of normative logic, substantive cross-examination, and judicial rationality will effectively advance the in-depth implementation of the trial-centered reform of the criminal procedure system. 推进鉴定人出庭实质质证，是实现庭审实质化的重要环节，也是“以审判为中心”刑事诉讼制度改革的关键内容。通过对规范文本及司法实践的系统梳理，明确该制度与实践之间存在显著落差。虽然在我国立法层面对鉴定人出庭的适用情形、程序与权利义务都有明确规定，但实践中形式化现象频发。本文以程序正当性为理论基点，从规范逻辑与实践机制两个层面揭示制度困境的成因，讨论出庭必要性审查机制缺失、诉讼参与主体科学证据审查能力不足、技术支撑体系不健全及鉴定人权利保障机制薄弱，是当前制度功能虚化的核心原因。基于此，主张应在程序设计上强化出庭审查标准与法官履职责任，在能力建设上完善专家辅助人、技术调查官制度及科学证据支撑体系，在权利保障上确立合理的激励与补偿机制。通过重构规范逻辑、实质质证、司法理性的制度链条，切实推动以审判为中心的刑事诉讼制度改革走向实质化。
• DOI: 10.35534/cjsg.0701014
• Cite: 丁寒，周廉朕．鉴定人出庭实质质证的路径研究［J］．刑事司法科学与治理，2026，7（1）：146-157．