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超深致密砂岩储层水敏伤害机理研究——以塔里木盆地侏罗系阿合组为例

Research on the Mechanism of Water Sensitivity Damage in Ultra-deep Tight Sandstone Reservoirs: A Case Study from the Jurassic Ahe Formation in the Tarim Basin

Environment and Resource / 2025,7(2): 328-338 / 2026-01-05 40 29

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• Authors: 刘一麟¹ 赵峰¹ 袁泽波² 李佳妮² 符彩燕¹
• Information:

  1. 西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院，成都；
  2. 中国石油天然气股份有限公司塔里木油田分公司实验检测研究院，库尔勒

• Keywords:
  Tarim basin; Ultra-deep; Tight sandstone; High-temperature and high-pressure; Water sensitivity; Damage mechanism
  塔里木盆地; 超深层; 致密砂岩; 高温高压; 水敏; 伤害机理
• Abstract: Ultra-deep tight sandstone gas reservoirs are highly susceptible to water sensitivity damage due to their abundant clay minerals, fine pore throats, complex pore structure, and strong hydrophilicity. Conventional industry standard evaluation methods often fail to accurately assess the degree and mechanisms of reservoir water sensitivity damage, thus inadequately guiding drilling, completion, and stimulation design.Based on the ultra-deep tight sandstone gas reservoir of the Jurassic Ahe Formation in the Tarim Basin, this study established a high-temperature and highpressure experimental device that authentically simulates the reservoir conditions for water sensitivity evaluation, along with developing an experimental evaluation methodology. On this basis, water sensitivity evaluation under the actual high-temperature and high-pressure environment of the ultra-deep tight sandstone reservoir in the Tarim Basin was conducted. This was combined with analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-pressure mercury intrusion to characterize the water sensitivity damage mechanisms. The findings reveal that the reservoir’s water sensitivity index ranges from 0.59 to 0.86, demonstrating moderate-strong to strong water-sensitive characteristics that intensify with increasing temperature and pressure. Under a constant temperature of 180°C, varying experimental pressures (80 MPa, 120 MPa, 140 MPa) showed minimal differential impact on the degree of water sensitivity damage. In contrast, under a constant pressure of 140 MPa, distinct temperatures (100°C, 140°C, 180°C) significantly influenced water sensitivity damage, indicating temperature’s dominant role in the temperaturepressure coupling effect. The mechanisms of water sensitivity damage under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions primarily include: intensified hydration and swelling of clay minerals, thickening of surface hydration films, further reduction of effective flow path radius, and enhanced fine particle migration coupled with dissolutionprecipitation reactions. Consequently, subsequent field operations require strict control of injected fluid salinity and temperature, along with developing clay stabilizers compatible with high-temperature high-pressure reservoirs to ensure efficient development of ultra-deep tight sandstone gas reservoirs. 超深致密砂岩气藏储层因富含黏土矿物、孔喉细微、孔隙结构复杂及亲水性强等，极易发生水敏损害，行业标准方法难以真实评价储层水敏伤害程度与机理，无法有效指导钻完井及增产工程设计。本次研究以塔里木盆地侏罗系阿合组超深致密砂岩气藏为对象，针对储层真实条件，构建了可真实模拟超深致密砂岩储层条件的高温高压水敏性评价实验装置，建立了实验评价方法，在此基础上开展了塔里木盆地超深致密砂岩真实储层高温高压环境下水敏评价，结合扫描电镜、核磁共振、高压压汞等分析手段来进行水敏伤害机理表征。研究结果表明，储层水敏指数介于0.59～0.86，随着温度和压力的升高呈现出中等偏强至强水敏特征，在180℃恒定温度下，实验中不同压力（80MPa、120MPa、140MPa）对水敏伤害程度影响差异较小；而在140MPa恒压下，不同温度（100℃、140℃、180℃）对水敏伤害的影响则呈现显著差异，揭示了温压耦合效应中温度占据主导地位。高温高压环境下水敏损害机制主要表现为：黏土矿物水化膨胀加剧、表面水化膜增厚、有效渗流通道半径进一步减小以及微粒迁移与溶解—沉淀反应增强。因此，在后续实际工程中需要严格控制入井流体矿化度和温度，研发适配高温高压储层的黏土稳定剂，以保障超深致密砂岩气藏的高效开发。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/er.0702028 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 刘一麟，赵峰，袁泽波，等．超深致密砂岩储层水敏伤害机理研究——以塔里木盆地侏罗系阿合组为例［J］．环境与资源，2025，7（2）：328-338.