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塔里木盆地塔河地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层发育机制与分布规律

Development Mechanism and Distribution Law of Fracturevuggy Reservoir in Ordovician Carbonate Rock in Tarim River Area

刘泽强, 谭秀成

Environment and Resource / 2026,8(2): 209-213 / 2026-04-29 7 4

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• Information:

  西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院，成都

• Keywords:
  Carbonate rock; Fracture-cavity reservoir; Developmental mechanisms; Distribution law; Paleokarst; Structural rupture
  碳酸盐岩; 缝洞型储层; 发育机制; 分布规律; 古岩溶; 构造破裂
• Abstract: Fracture-vuggy reservoir of Ordovician carbonate rocks in Tahe area of Tarim Basin is the core carrier of marine carbonate oil and gas exploration in this area. Its formation and evolution are controlled by the coupling of multi-stage tectonic movement, paleokarst transformation and diagenesis. The reservoir is highly heterogeneous, and its development mechanism and distribution law are complex. It has always been a key geological problem restricting high-efficiency oil and gas exploration. Based on the regional tectonic sedimentary background, combined with multidimensional data such as core observation, logging interpretation, seismic inversion and physical property testing, this paper systematically analyzes the lithological characteristics, reservoir space types and physical property differences of Ordovician carbonate fracture-vug reservoirs, reveals the core control mechanism of reservoir development, clarifies the rules of plane distribution and vertical zoning, establishes reservoir development prediction models, and determines favorable exploration targets. The study shows that the Ordovician fractured-vuggy reservoirs in the Tahe area are mainly composed of unfilled-semi-filled karst caves, dissolved pores and high-angle fractures, and the overall characteristics are low porosity, medium-low permeability, and strong heterogeneity; The superposition and reconstruction of supergene karst in Caledonian and tectonic rupture and burial karst in Hercynian are the core mechanism of reservoir formation, and the distribution of reservoir is dominated by paleokarst geomorphology, fault system and lithologic solubility; Highquality reservoirs are enriched along fault zones and karst slopes, and vertically concentrated in surface karst zones and runoff karst zones. The research results can provide solid geological theoretical support for fine exploration, reserve upgrading and development scheme optimization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in Tahe area. 塔里木盆地塔河地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层是该区海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探的核心载体，其形成演化受多期构造运动、古岩溶改造及成岩作用耦合控制，储层非均质性极强，发育机制与分布规律复杂，一直是制约油气高效勘探的关键地质问题。本文以区域构造沉积背景为基础，结合岩心观察、测井解释、地震反演及物性测试等多维度资料，系统剖析奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层的岩性特征、储集空间类型及物性差异，深入揭示储层发育的核心控制机制，明确平面展布与垂向分带规律，建立储层发育预测模式，厘定有利勘探靶区。研究表明，塔河地区奥陶系缝洞型储层以未充填-半充填溶洞、溶蚀孔隙和构造高角度裂缝为主要储集空间，整体呈现低孔、中低渗、强非均质特征；加里东期表生岩溶与海西期构造破裂、埋藏岩溶的叠加改造是储层形成的核心机制，古岩溶地貌、断裂体系、岩性可溶性共同主导储层分布；优质储层沿断裂带与岩溶斜坡富集，垂向上集中发育于表层岩溶带与径流岩溶带。研究成果可为塔河地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气藏精细勘探、储量升级及开发方案优化提供坚实的地质理论支撑。
• DOI: 10.35534/er.0802028 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 刘泽强，谭秀成．塔里木盆地塔河地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层发育机制与分布规律［J］．环境与资源，2026，8（2）：209-213.