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美国青少年校外身体活动的实践及启示

Practice and Enlightenment of American Adolescents’ Outside School Physical Activities

Leisure Sports and Health / 2021,1(4): 20-25 / 2021-12-27 400 708

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• Authors: 张景
• Information:

  湖北大学 体育学院，湖北 武汉 430062

• Keywords:
  Adolescents; Physical activity; Outside school; Four in one; USA
  青少年; 身体活动; 校外; 四位一体; 美国
• Abstract: In the academic expansion of American sports from “on campus” to “off campus”, researchers have started the research process of adolescents’ off campus physical activities, and gradually focused on the most widely used fields of family, community and online research. Family sports researchers believe that family is the first medium to promote adolescents’ physical activities. Parents’ individual characteristics, attitudes, behaviors and other factors determine the trend of adolescents’ physical activities. Community sports researchers advocate that the community is an extension of the family stadium. Play streets, community sports standardized management and CBPR all affect the quality of adolescents’ physical activities. Online sports researchers found that adolescents’ online sports participation rate continued to rise, and innovative virtual communities, game virtual communities and practical virtual communities broke the restrictions on adolescents’ physical activities. Chinese academic circles should go beyond the distinction of family, community and online sports, rationally design the empirical research path of the integrated development of family, community, online and School of adolescents’ physical activities, guide sports practice, and strive to produce more localized empirical research results as soon as possible. 在美国体育界从“校内”到“校外”的学术拓展中，研究者们开启了青少年校外身体活动研究的进程，并逐渐集中在应用最为广泛的家庭、社区和在线研究领域。家庭体育研究者认为，家庭是促进青少年身体活动的第一媒介，父母的个体特征、态度、行为等因素决定了青少年身体活动的走向。社区体育研究者则主张，社区是家庭体育场域的延伸，Play Streets、社区体育标准化管理和 CBPR 都影响了青少年身体活动的质量。 在线体育研究者则发现，青少年在线体育参与率持续上升，创新虚拟社群、游戏虚拟社群和实践虚拟社群打破了青少年身体活动的限制。中国学界应超越家庭、社区、在线体育的分野，理性设计青少年身体活动的家庭、社区、在线和学校四位一体融合发展的实证研究道路并指导体育实践，争取早日产出更多本土化的实证研究成果。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/lsh.0104004
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