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多源流理论视域下我国学校体育政策变迁研究

Research on the Changes of School Physical Education Policies in China from the Perspective of Multi-Source Flow Theory

Leisure Sports and Health / 2025,5(1): 95-99 / 2025-07-29 21 7

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• Authors: 冯巧
• Information:

  湖北大学体育学院，武汉
  

• Keywords:
  School physical education policy; Multi-source flow theory; Policy change; Youth sports
  学校体育政策; 多源流理论; 政策变迁; 青少年体育
• Abstract: Based on the perspective of multi-source flow theory, an in-depth exploration is conducted on the changes of school physical education policies in China. At present, the physical health of teenagers is not good, and problems such as obesity and myopia are quite common. The implementation of school physical education policies is fraught with difficulties and faces many obstacles brought about by exam-oriented education in the actual process. The effectiveness of school physical education reform is directly related to the physical health of teenagers and the long-term development of the Chinese nation. Therefore, it is particularly crucial to systematically sort out and summarize the experiences and lessons of past school physical education reforms. The multi-source stream theory is composed of problem streams, policy streams and political streams. When these three streams blend with each other, the “window of policy” will be opened, creating favorable opportunities for the formulation and adjustment of policies. In the development process of school physical education policies in our country, the concept of “health first” has always occupied a core position. From the budding of this concept at the beginning of the founding of the People’s Republic of China to its gradual expansion into the concept of “all-round development” after the reform and opening up, although certain achievements have been made, the practical problems such as the decline in students’ physical fitness remain severe, which has aroused widespread attention and in-depth discussions from all sectors of society. The various opinions and suggestions put forward by all sectors of society regarding these issues have become the source of problems promoting the development of school physical education policies. In terms of policy origin and development, the implementation of the “Double Reduction” policy is of great significance. This policy emerged under the combined effect of political and economic factors, injecting strong impetus into the further development of school sports policies. In addition, the continuous introduction and accumulation of a series of relevant policies over the years have also led to the continuous optimization of the school sports policy system. At the political origin level, the high attention paid by national leaders to school physical education, the active actions of governments at all levels, and the proposal of the “Healthy China” strategy have all pointed out the development direction for school physical education policies. 本文基于多源流理论视角，对中国学校体育政策的变迁展开深入探究。当下，青少年体质健康状况不佳，肥胖、近视等问题较为普遍。学校体育政策在实际推行过程中困难重重，面临着应试教育带来的诸多阻碍。学校体育改革成效，直接关系到青少年的身体健康以及中华民族的长远发展，因此，系统梳理和总结过往学校体育改革的经验教训，就显得尤为关键。多源流理论由问题源流、政策源流和政治源流构成，当这三条源流相互交融时，便会打开“政策之窗”，为政策的制定和调整创造有利时机。在我国学校体育政策的发展历程中，“健康第一”的理念一直占据着核心地位。从新中国成立之初这一理念的萌芽，到改革开放后逐渐向“全面发展”理念拓展，虽然取得了一定成果，但学生体质下滑等现实问题依旧严峻，引发了社会各界的广泛关注和深入讨论。社会各界围绕这些问题提出的各类见解和建议，成为推动学校体育政策发展的问题源流。在政策源流方面，“双减”政策的落地实施意义重大。这一政策是在政治与经济因素共同作用下产生的，为学校体育政策的进一步发展注入了强大动力。此外，多年来一系列相关政策的持续出台与积累，也促使学校体育政策体系不断优化。在政治源流层面，国家领导人对学校体育工作的高度重视、各级政府的积极作为，以及“健康中国”战略的提出，都为学校体育政策指明了发展方向。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/lsh.0501016
• Cite: 冯巧．多源流理论视域下我国学校体育政策变迁研究［J］．休闲运动与健康，2025，5（1）：95-99．