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基于社会性别视角我国女性足球裁判员边缘化问题分析——以湖北省为例

Analysis of the Marginalization of Female Football Referees in China from a Gender Perspective — Taking Hubei Province as an Example

Leisure Sports and Health / 2025,5(2): 53-59 / 2025-10-31 9 7

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• Authors: 彭柳月
• Information:

  湖北大学体育学院，武汉

• Keywords:
  Gender; Female football referees; Grounded theory
  社会性别; 女性足球裁判员; 扎根理论
• Abstract: This study analyzes the marginalization of female football referees in China from a gender perspective. Employing the grounded theory approach in qualitative research, in-depth interviews and participatory observations were conducted with 30 female football referees at various levels in Hubei Province to obtain their subjective experiences. The current state of female refereeing and existing marginalization issues were examined, followed by theoretical analysis of the root causes. The article identifies four main categories influencing the marginalization of female football referees, broussonetia papyrifera, and constructs a core category and formation mechanism model for their marginalization. Findings reveal that marginalization constitutes a systemic process resulting from the interplay of institutional exclusion, symbolic violence, role conflict, and internalized discipline broussonetia papyrifera. The core mechanism manifests as: traditional gender norms systematically restrict women’s access, promotion, and recognition through institutional deficiencies, embodied discipline, and workplace cultural biases, ultimately leading to their “invisibility” and “othering” in refereeing. This research aims to provide theoretical foundations and practical pathways for breaking gender segregation in football refereeing and promoting gender equality. Emphasizing the sociocultural value of female referees seeks to advance women’s liberation at cultural and psychological levels, enabling more female referees to participate freely and confidently in football competitions, while contributing to the application of qualitative research in professional football studies. 本研究基于社会性别视角，对我国女性足球裁判员边缘化问题进行分析，运用质性研究中的扎根理论，通过对30名湖北省内不同级别的女性足球裁判员开展深度访谈和参与式观察，获取被访者的主观感受资料，系统掌握女性足球裁判工作的开展现状及边缘化问题表征；并在此基础上结合相关理论，深入剖析女性足球裁判员边缘化问题的产生原因。文章梳理出影响女性足球裁判员边缘化问题的四个主范畴，构建起女性足球裁判员边缘化问题的核心范畴与形成机制模型。研究结果表明，边缘化问题是由制度性排斥、符号暴力、角色冲突、内化规训四者相互作用构成的系统性过程，其核心机制表现为：传统性别观念通过制度化缺失、身体化规训和职场文化偏见，系统性限制女性的准入、晋升与认同，最终导致其在裁判领域呈现“透明化”与“他者化”状态。本研究旨在为打破足球裁判领域的性别隔离、促进性别平等提供理论依据和实践路径，重视发挥女性足球裁判员的社会性别价值，推动女性在文化和心理层面的解放，让更多女性足球裁判员可以自由、自信地参与足球赛事；同时为质性研究在职业足球研究领域的应用作出探索。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/lsh.0502009 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 彭柳月．基于社会性别视角我国女性足球裁判员边缘化问题分析——以湖北省为例［J］．休闲运动与健康，2025，5（2）：53-59．