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中国100米跑体能训练科学化发展的国际镜鉴与本土化路径研究

Research on the International Benchmarking and Localization Strategies for the Scientific Development of Physical Training in China’s 100m Sprint

Leisure Sports and Health / 2025,5(3): 81-87 / 2026-01-12 3 0

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• Authors: 张俊杰
• Information:

  湖北大学体育学院，武汉

• Keywords:
  100-meter sprint; Scientific physical training; International benchmarking; Localization pathways
  100米跑; 体能训练科学化; 国际镜鉴; 本土化路径
• Abstract: Based on the biomechanical and energy metabolism characteristics of the 100-meter sprint event, this study systematically explores the construction of a specialized physical training system and the pathways for localizing international experience. Through analyzing mainstream international training paradigms and integrating with the practical context of Chinese sprinting, a hierarchical theoretical model for physical training is constructed. Research indicates that the specialized physical demands of the 100-meter sprint consist of three dimensions: Energy metabolism characteristics, movement efficiency, and neuromuscular adaptation. Within international expertise, the power-centered paradigm achieves force transfer through neuromuscular restructuring, the talent development model focuses on exploring individual physiological traits, and the composite system emphasizes the synergistic enhancement of multiple elements. Addressing problems existing in China’s training practice—such as conflicts arising from early specialization, insufficient synergy among training elements, and imprecise load modulation— this study proposes a physical training paradigm. Key components include comprehensively advancing a youth development system aligned with maturation stages and long-term physical objectives; systematically integrating the temporal sequencing of training elements with precise load modulation; and deeply embedding the safeguarding mechanism of the “rehabilitation-physical training integration” concept. Consequently, a three-dimensional pathway featuring “stratified adaptation – temporal integration – dynamic modulation” is constructed to realize the organic integration of international paradigms with the biological characteristics of Chinese athletes and the existing training culture. 基于100米跑项目的生物力学与能量代谢特征，本文对专项体能训练体系构建及国际经验本土化路径进行系统研究。通过解析国际主流训练范式，结合我国短跑实践特征，构建分层体能训练理论模型。研究表明，100米跑项目专项体能需求由能量代谢特征、动作效率及神经肌肉适应三维度构成。国际经验中力量主导型范式通过神经肌肉重构实现力量迁移，天赋开发模式聚焦个体生理特质挖掘，复合型体系则强调多要素协同增效。针对我国训练实践中存在的早期专项化冲突、要素协同不足及负荷调控粗放等问题，本文提出具有中国特色体能训练范式：全面推进青少年发育适配与长期体能目标培养体系、系统整合体能训练要素的时序实现与负荷精准调控和深度融合“康复—体能一体化”训练理念的保障机制，构建“分层适配—时序整合—动态调控”三维路径，实现国际范式与我国运动员生物特征及训练文化的有机融合。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/lsh.0503014 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 张俊杰．中国100 米跑体能训练科学化发展的国际镜鉴与本土化路径研究［J］．休闲运动与健康，2025，5（3）：81-87．