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结构化运动干预对青少年学生体质健康的影响研究

Research on the Impact of Structured Exercise Interventions on the Physical Fitness of Adolescent Students

李小娟¹, 徐驰², 万媛婷³, 刘丹松¹

Leisure Sports and Health / 2026,6(1): 60-66 / 2026-04-21 12 7

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• Information:

  1. 湖北工业大学体育学院，武汉；
  2. 湖北省体育科学研究所，武汉；
  3. 武汉市光谷汤逊湖高级中学，武汉

• Keywords:
  Adolescent physical fitness; Exercise intervention; Structured training; Grade difference; Gender difference; Heart-rate control
  青少年体质健康; 运动干预; 结构化训练; 学段差异; 性别差异; 心率控制
• Abstract: Based on a 12-week experimental intervention, this study examines the impact of an “athletic ability + sport-skill” integrated model on adolescents’ physical fitness. Participants were Grade-8 and Grade-11 students who received two types of interventions: “athletic ability + group rope-skipping” for junior-high groups and “basketball - specific + fancy rope-skipping” for senior-high groups. Exercise intensity was uniformly controlled at 120-140 bpm, three 30-min sessions per week. Results showed significant improvements among junior-high boys in body mass, skinfold thickness, vital capacity, hand-grip strength, pull-ups, endurance running, reaction time and balance; junior-high girls improved markedly in body mass, skinfold thickness, hand-grip strength, endurance running and balance. Senior-high boys exhibited pronounced gains in body mass, upper-arm skinfold thickness, vital capacity, explosive power, speed-endurance and balance, whereas senior-high school girls improved significantly in body mass, skinfold thickness at multiple sites, cardiorespiratory fitness and hand-grip strength. The study confirms that structured exercise interventions exert positive effects on middle-school students regardless of grade level or sex. It is recommended that “athletic ability + sport-skill” integrated teaching be promoted in primary and secondary physical education, with differentiated designs for grade and genders, and advance the systematic and scientific development of physical health interventions. 本文通过为期12周的实验干预研究，探讨“体能+技能”融合模式对青少年体质健康的影响。研究对象为初中与高中二年级学生，分别开展“体能+多人跳绳”与“篮球专项+花样跳绳”两类干预，运动强度统一控制在心率120～140次/分钟，每周3次、每次30分钟。结果表明，初中男生在体重、皮脂厚度、肺活量、握力、引体向上、耐力跑、反应时和平衡能力等指标上均有显著提升；初中女生在体重、皮脂厚度、握力、耐力跑和平衡能力方面改善明显。高中男生在体重控制、上臂皮脂厚度、肺活量、爆发力、速度耐力及平衡能力方面均取得显著进步；高中女生在体重、多部位皮脂厚度、心肺功能和握力等指标上提升尤为突出。研究证实，结构化运动干预对不同学段、性别的中学生体质健康均具有积极作用，建议在中小学体育教学中推广“体能+技能”融合教学模式，注重学段与性别特点实施差异化设计，推动学生体质健康干预朝着系统化、科学化的方向发展。
• DOI: 10.35534/lsh.0601011 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 李小娟，徐驰，万媛婷，等．结构化运动干预对青少年学生体质健康的影响研究［J］．休闲运动与健康，2026，6（1）：60-66．