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运动对神经发育障碍儿童身体素质的影响——基于ICF和Meta分析的系统综述

Effects of Exercise on Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review Based on ICF and Meta- Ananlysis

周静

Leisure Sports and Health / 2026,6(1): 81-90 / 2026-04-21 12 10

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• Information:

  湖北大学体育学院，武汉

• Keywords:
  Children with neurodevelopmental disorders; Physical fitness; ICF; Meta-analysis
  神经发育障碍儿童; 身体素质; ICF; Meta分析
• Abstract: Objective: Based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), the present meta-analysis explores the effects of fitness training, motor skills training and virtual reality training on physical fitness of children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Methods: Literatures related to the effects of exercise intervention on physical fitness of children and adolescents with NDDs in the recent 15 years were searched through PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, CNKI and other databases. The overall effect, subgroup analysis, heterogeneity, and risk of bias were evaluated Revman 5.4 software. The mean (M), standard deviation (SD), standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to study the effect size among the three different exercises. Results: After screening through the PRISMA guideline, a total of 12 articles were included in the study. Exercise significantly improved the physical fitness of children and adolescents with NDDs: fitness training [SMD=1.30, 95%CI=(0.02, 2.57), p=0.05], motor skills training [SMD=3.54, 95%CI=(0.68, 6.39), p=0.02], and virtual reality training [SMD=5.93, 95%CI=(0.46, 11.39), p=0.03]. Subgroup analyses result showed that the exercise period of 6-8 weeks, total duration of 960-1440 minutes and motor skill had the strongest effect on the physical fitness of children and adolescents with NDDs. Conclusion: Fitness training, motor skills training, and virtual reality exercise could positively improve the physical fitness of children and adolescents with NDDs. Future research should design appropriate intervention types, periods, and durations for children with different types of disorders, thereby providing individualized sports intervention protocol for children and adolescents with NDDs. 目的：依据《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》（ICF框架），探讨体适能类、运动技能类和虚拟现实类三种运动干预对神经发育障碍（NDDs）儿童青少年身体素质的影响。方法：通过PubMed、EBSCO、WebofScience、CNKI等数据库，检索近15年运动干预对NDDs儿童青少年身体素质影响的相关文献。运用Revman5.4软件对整体效应、亚组分析、异质性和偏倚性风险进行评估，探究运动干预周期、总时长和类型对NDDs儿童青少年身体素质的影响；以平均数（M）、标准差（SD）、标准化均数差（SMD）和95%置信区间（95%CI）计算三种不同运动间的干预效应量。结果：PRISMA指南筛选后，共有12篇文章纳入研究。合并效应量结果显示，体适能类干预［SMD=1.30，95%CI=（0.02，2.57），p=0.05］、运动技能类干预［SMD=3.54，95%CI=（0.68，6.39），p=0.02］、虚拟现实类干预［SMD=5.93，95%CI=（0.46，11.39），p=0.03］均对NDDs儿童青少年身体素质有显著的积极影响。亚组分析结果显示，干预周期6～8周、总时长960～1440分钟的运动技能干预，对NDDs儿童青少年身体素质的影响效果最佳。结论：体适能类、运动技能类和虚拟类干预均能改善NDDs儿童青少年的身体素质。未来研究应针对不同的障碍类型选择适合的干预方式、周期和时长，为NDDs儿童青少年制定个性化的运动干预方案。
• DOI: 10.35534/lsh.0601014 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 周静．运动对神经发育障碍儿童身体素质的影响——基于ICF和Meta分析的系统综述［J］．休闲运动与健康，2026，6（1）：81-90．