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世界乡村遗产的价值研究与旅游利用

Study on the Value of World Rural Heritage and its Tourism Utilization

Rural Vitalization Research / 2021,3(2): 92-97 / 2021-05-07 564 638

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• Authors: 方思明     
• Information:

  三峡大学土木工程学院，宜昌

• Keywords: Rural area; World heritage site; Connotation; Tourism resource characteristic; Tourism utilization 乡村；世界遗产地；内涵；旅游资源特点；旅游利用
• Abstract: Expressing a series of factors such as human settlements, rural scenery, production mode and lifestyle, rural world heritage sites comprehensively embody “a joint work of human and nature”. However, a lack of connotation on rural world heritage sites from World Heritage Center has resulted in an ambiguity in its implicit meaning and understanding deviation in academia. Owing to a frequent trend of tourism utilization in rural world heritage sites, it is necessary to tease out the connotation of rural world heritage sites for examining their tourism resources characteristics and building a relationship between tourism utilization and heritage management. This paper firstly suggests that two sub-categories in which historical village sites from category of World Culture Heritage and industrial landscape sites from category of World Culture Landscape Heritage should be included in the scope of rural world heritage sites. Based on an analysis of connotation, the tourism resources characteristic and development approaches are proposed. First of all, the tourism resources in rural world heritage sites are featured by country landscape and unique world heritage value. Although tourism development exert impact on rural world heritage sites, it would be of positive value in heritage conservation and local community development. Hence, emphasis should be placed on heritage conservation in utilizing tourism resources in addition to sustainable development, market orientation and multistakeholders participation. Besides, it is imperative to effectively and reasonably make tourism planning for rural world heritage sites to guarantee authenticity and integrity of heritage value, which depends on both the coordination between heritage protection and tourism utilization, and an efficient heritage management system. In addition, sustainable tourism is widely recommended by experts and scholars since it can satisfy the needs of cultural integrity, ecological processes and biological diversity for both tourists and heritage sites and can fulfil multiple aims of popularity and education, exhibition and presentation, ecological experience and environmental protection. Although common features of world heritage value and rural characteristics are both reflected in rural world heritage sites, two sub- categories of historic village heritage sites and industrial landscape heritage sites globally represent their own unique values and inspire different tourist motives. Thus, the tourism utilization mode should meet diverse tourists’ demand on a basis of exploring the heritage value under different regional contexts. Moreover, local community that is the dynamic motive power and protective object of rural world heritage sites should be involved in an overall coordination of management and development system in order to strengthen initiatives of community participation and create opportunities for their independent tourism operation and world heritage protection. Besides the local community, other stakeholders including foreign investment firms, local governments and NGOs are of great necessity in building an effective coordinated model in heritage management and sustainable tourism development. Three models are concluded for reference according to respective developing stage and need. 作为全人类科研、教育、游览、启智等活动的场所，乡村类世界遗产地如何通过 旅游实现遗产保护与利用双赢是遗产地管理的重要问题。乡村类世界遗产地是 指凝结了具有世界性突出的普遍价值的民居建筑、乡村聚落、村落布局、土地 永续使用方式、产业活动、民间习俗、手工技艺、文化节事等要素的地域综合体。 由于各遗产地所体现的主体景观和遗产价值差异，乡村类世界遗产地应包括历 史村落型和产业景观型两类。因为兼具世界遗产和乡村地域的共同特征，乡村 类世界遗产地旅游资源独特，吸引力强。在梳理乡村类世界遗产地内涵的基础上， 分析了此类遗产地作为旅游资源的特点，并提出旅游利用原则及相应途径。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/rvr.0302010c
• Cite: 方思明．世界乡村遗产的价值研究与旅游利用［J］．乡村振兴研究，2021，3（2）：92-97．