袭警罪的规范分析与司法适用
Normative Analysis and Judicial Application of the Crime of Attacking Police
- Authors:
- Keywords: Assault on police; Crime of obstructing public service; Modesty of criminal law袭警罪; 妨害公务罪; 刑法谦抑性
- Abstract: The crime of attacking the police is a new crime in the criminal law amendment (11). In order to ensure the correct application of the new crime, this paper will analyze it from the perspective of normative level and judicial application: first, the legal interests protected by the new crime are the police’s law enforcement power and personal health right, and there is a primary and secondary distinction in the dual legal interests; Second, the scope of the criminal object of this crime should be examined “substance before form”, so as to bring the auxiliary police into the protection scope of this crime; Third, the target of violence in this crime should include personnel and police goods; Fourth, from the perspective of dogma, this paper will analyze the relevant concepts of this crime, such as “violence”, “being”, “performing duties according to law”, “seriously endangering personal safety”, and distinguish it from the crime of obstructing public affairs, so as to apply this crime more accurately and reasonably; Finally, for the prospect of the judicial application of the crime, the author believes that only by strictly abiding by the attitude of prudent conviction and tolerance, can we meet the requirements of the modesty of criminal law and truly demonstrate the authority and justice of justice.袭警罪为《刑法修正案（十一）》的新设罪名，为了确保该新设罪名得以正确适用，本文将从规范层面和司法适用的角度予以分析：第一，该新设罪名保护的法益为警察的执法权和人身健康权，并且该双重法益中还存在主次区分；第二，对本罪的犯罪对象的范围应当进行“先实质后形式”的审查，从而将辅警纳入此罪的保护范围之内；第三，本罪的暴力行为的作用对象应当包含人员和警用物品；第四，本文将从教义学角度对本罪的相关概念如“暴力行为”“正在”“依 法执行职务”“严重危害人身安全”等进行解析，并且和妨害公务罪进行区别，以便更为精确合理地适用本罪名；第五，对于该罪的司法适用的展望，笔者认为，只有严格遵守审慎入罪、宽容出罪的态度，才能符合刑法谦抑性的要求，真正彰显司法的权威与公正。
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论大数据时代公民隐私权保护的刑法应对 ——从“仙剑四代拍”事件切入
On the Criminal Law Response to the Protection of Citizens’ Privacy in the Era of Big Data —Starting from the Event of “Xian Jian Four Generations Shooting”
- Authors:
- Keywords: Privacy; Personal information; Criminal law protection; Big data隐私权; 个人信息; 刑法保护; 大数据
- Abstract: The “Xianjian four generation shooting” incident makes people notice that the behavior of “generation shooting” is bad, so it is worth using punishment for those who have serious circumstances. The essence of “acting as a photographer” is an infringement of citizens’ right to privacy, but there is no separate charge for the right to privacy in the current criminal law. In practice, indirect protection with other charges will often lead to the dilemma of difficult conviction. Therefore, it is still controversial what crime the “acting as a photographer” should constitute. In today’s big data era, the development of science and technology makes citizens’ right to privacy more vulnerable to infringement, and the change of lifestyle makes the right to privacy show more social and economic value. Therefore, the protection of privacy in criminal law should change the concept of legal interests from keeping pace with the times, and protect it side by side with personal legal interests and property legal interests by setting charges or chapters independently.“仙剑四代拍”事件使得人们注意到代拍行为性质恶劣，因此对于情节较为严重的代拍者，值得动用刑罚加以处罚。代拍行为的本质是对于公民隐私权的侵犯，但是现行刑法中尚未对隐私权单独设置罪名，在实践中以其他罪名进行间接保护也往往会导致陷入难以定罪的困境，因此代拍行为究竟应当构成何罪仍具有 争议。放眼如今的大数据时代，科技的发展使得公民隐私权更易受到侵害，生活方式的变革使得隐私权呈现出更多的社会价值和经济价值，因此，刑法对于隐私权的保护理应从与时俱进转变法益观念着手，通过独立设置罪名或者章节的方式将其和人身法益、财产法益并列保护。
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