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黄土高原旱作区沟垄覆膜栽培技术的发展现状

Development status of furrow and ridge film mulching cultivation technique in upland area of loess Plateau

Advance in Agriculture Science / 2021,3(3): 100- 107 / 2021-09-14 539 607

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• Authors: 叶新宇
• Information:

  华中农业大学资源与环境学院，武汉

• Keywords:
  Furrow mulching; Loess Plateau; Water utilization rate; Production
  沟垄覆膜; 黄土高原; 水分利用率; 产量
• Abstract: Increasing crop yield per unit area and water use efficiency (WUE) has been a key problem of dryland agriculture on the Loess Plateau. Since the film mulching technology was introduced into China’s agricultural production in the 1980s, it has undergone several updates. At present, on groove ridge tillage of plastic film mulching cultivation mode gradually develop into a rainfed agricultural region on the loess plateau of farming technology, its traditions in farming technology and experience, on the basis of combined with conservation tillage technology, greatly expand the application and promotion of space, effectively solve the problem of thetime the crops drought, It provides strong support for stable and high yield of grain in this area. This paper summarizes the development of furrow and ridge film mulching technique in upland area of loess Plateau, and explains the reasons for high yield of furrow and ridge film mulching technique from aspects of moisture, temperature and light. At last, the negative effects of furrow and ridge mulching were analyzed in order to continuously improve the furrow and ridge mulching system and provide reference for future agricultural technology innovation in arid areas. 提高作物单位面积产量和水分利用效率是黄土高原旱地农业长期以来致力改善和解决的关键性问题。地膜覆盖技术自 20 世纪 80 年代引入我国农业生产后，先后经历了多次更新换代。目前，依托于沟垄地膜覆盖的耕作栽培方式逐渐发展成为黄土高原雨养农业区的主要耕作技术，其在继承传统农业耕作技术与经验的基础上，通过与保护性耕作技术相结合，极大拓展了其应用和推广的空间，有效解决了作物卡脖子旱问题，为该区粮食的稳产、高产提供了强有力的支撑。笔者概述了黄土高原旱作区沟垄覆膜栽培技术的发展现状，并从水分、温度、 光照等方面阐述了该技术获得高产的原因。最后对沟垄覆膜栽培技术的负面效应进行了分析，旨在不断地完善沟垄覆盖体系，为今后旱区农事技术创新提供参考。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/aas.0303013c
• Cite: 叶新宇．黄土高原旱作区沟垄覆膜栽培技术的发展现状［J］．农业科学进展，2021，3（3）：100- 107．