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水产养殖机器人关键技术研究进展

Research Progress on Key Technologies of Aquaculture Robots

Advance in Agriculture Science / 2020,2(2): 43-61  / 2020-05-08 2688 4119

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• Authors: 许伟浩¹² 郑书河² 林森¹ 李斌¹*
• Information:

  1．北京农业信息技术研究中心，北京；
  2．福建农林大学机电工程学院，福州

• Keywords:
  Aquaculture; Robot; Internet of Things; Unmanned ship; Environmental monitoring; Automatic feeding
  水产养殖; 机器人; 物联网; 无人船; 环境监测; 自动投饲
• Abstract: In traditional aquaculture, the intervention of external factors on aquaculture objects is less, which mainly depends on artificial feed feeding, parameter monitoring and water quality regulation, which is time-consuming and labor- consuming and inefficient. With the rapid development of new generation information and intelligent equipment technology, these modern technologies have been gradually applied to traditional aquaculture, and the key links of aquaculture have been deeply studied and applied, which has effectively improved the efficiency of aquaculture and promoted the rapid development of aquaculture. In order to understand the architecture, development and application of aquatic robots more comprehensively, and to understand the research status of key technologies of aquatic robots, this paper first discusses the classification and typical system architecture of main aquaculture robots in detail, and then focuses on the key technologies of aquaculture robots, and then summarizes and analyzes the research progress from five aspects: navigation system, sensing system, data transmission, decision model and feedback execution.Based on the analysis of the bottlenecks of each key technology, this paper points out the main problems restricting the application and popularization of aquaculture machines, and gives some relevant suggestions. Finally, the research on the key technologies of aquaculture robots is summarized and prospected. It is hoped that this paper can provide a reference for the key technology breakthrough and large-scale popularization and application of aquaculture robots. 传统的水产养殖，外部因素对养殖对象的干预较少，主要依靠人工进 行饲料投喂、参数监测和水质调节等作业，费时费工，效率较低。随着新一代 信息和智能装备技术的快速发展，人们逐渐将这些现代科技应用于传统水产养 殖，并对水产养殖关键环节进行了现代技术的深入研究和应用，有效提高了养 殖效率，推动了水产养殖业的快速发展。为了更全面的了解水产机器人的架构、 发展与应用，了解水产机器人关键技术的研究现状，本文首先对主要水产养殖机器人的分类和典型系统架构作了详细论述，然后聚焦水产养殖机器人关键技 术，分别从导航系统、传感系统、数据传输、决策模型、反馈执行 5 个方面研 究进展进行了综述和分析，通过分析各关键技术的瓶颈，指出了当前制约着水 产养殖机器人大范围应用推广的主要问题并给出了相关建议，最后对水产养殖 机器人关键技术的研究作了总结与展望。希望本文可以为水产养殖机器人关键 技术突破和大规模推广应用提供参考。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/aas.0202006
• Cite: 许伟浩，郑书河，林森，等．水产养殖机器人关键技术研究进展［J］．农业科学进展，2020，2（2）：43-61．
  https://doi.org/10.35534/aas.0202006