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论刑事判决在民事诉讼中的预决效力

On the Preliminary Effect of Criminal Judgment in Civil Procedure

Advance in Law / 2023,5(2): 57-69 / 2023-04-27 436 610

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• Authors: 李潇杨     
• Information:

  上海政法学院，上海

• Keywords: Criminal judgement; Civil action; Prejudicatory effect 刑事判决；民事诉讼；预决效力
• Abstract: With the continuous development of the market economy, there are more and more cross criminal and civil cases. As for the fact finding part of the first criminal judgment, it is also more and more extensive to discuss whether the subsequent civil litigation has the preliminary effect. At present, the theory of expansion of the objective scope of res judicata and the theory of judicial notice are mainly used to determine the validity of the pre determined facts, which to some extent confirm the validity of the pre determined facts. In our country's practice, we also discussed whether the criminal judgment has the pre judgment effect from the subjective and objective scope, mainly from three aspects: the relevance of the main facts, the certainty of the facts in the criminal judgment and the protection of the interests of outsiders. In order to improve the effectiveness of litigation and maintain procedural justice, we need to establish a perfect system of preliminary effectiveness, balance the unity of justice and litigation differences, and improve the professional quality and ability of judges to better guide practice. 随着市场经济的不断发展，刑民交叉案件越来越多，关于先行的刑事判决中事实认定部分，它对于后行的民事诉讼是否具有预决效力的相关探讨也越来越广泛。当前，关于预决事实的效力该如何认定，主要采用的是既判力客观范围扩张理论和司法认知理论，它们都在一定程度上肯定了预决事实的效力。我国实践中也从前诉刑事判决的主客观范围上讨论了其是否具有预决效力，主要是从主要事实的关联度、刑事判决中事实的确定程度和保护案外人利益三个方面进 行综合考量。出于提高诉讼效力、维护程序正义，我们需要在建立一套完善的预决效力制度，平衡司法的统一性和诉讼差异性，提高法官的专业素养和能力，以此更好的指导实践。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/al.0502006
• Cite: 李潇杨．论刑事判决在民事诉讼中的预决效力［J］．法学进展，2023，5（2）：57-69．