国际中文开源期刊平台

论大数据时代下个人信息的行政保护机制

On the Administrative Protection Mechanism of Personal Information in the Era of Big Data

法学进展 / 2023,5(3)：206-214 / 2023-08-01 137 152

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• 作者： 卞加妮     
• 单位：

  上海政法学院，上海

• 关键词： 个人信息；行政监管；行政保护机制
• Personal information; National protection obligation; Administrative protection mechanism
• 摘要： 个人信息作为公民的一种权利，其法律性质究竟如何，在学界中具有两种不同的观点，民法学者倾向于将个人信息权囊括在私法范畴，将其作为个人权或财产权予以保护；而公法学者主张将个人信息受保护权界定为一种基本权利，通过行政法，刑法，民法等多种路径予以保护。而行政法在众多保护途径中因其具有效率高，效果好的独特的优势，居于对个人信息保护的主要地位。当前对个人信息的保护多聚于防止以企业为代表的私主体的侵害，对公权力对个人信息侵害的防治措施关注较少。笔者认为应当将个人信息界定为基本权利，才能够给予其更加完备的保护，并进而产生了公权力对基本权利的保护具有双重面向，一方面，应当避免对个人信息的不当干预；另一方面，应当积极地采取措施或设计相关制度以此来保障公民的个人信息受到不法侵害。笔者认为应当从限制行政权力滥用与完善行政机关保护公民个人信息的机制两个方面来进行。一方面，通过建立行政机关侵犯公民个人信息的相应事后救济机制以及完善行政机关侵害公民个人信息的责任追究制度；另一方面，应当构建保护个人信息的专门行政机关，通过完善行政监督机制进行完备保护。
• The legal nature of personal information as a citizen’s right has twodifferent views in the academic world, civil law scholars tend to encompassthe right to personal information in the scope of private law, as a personalright or property rights to be protected; and public law scholars advocate that the right to personal information protection is defined as a fundamentalright, and is protected through a variety of paths such as administrative law,criminal law, civil law and other ways to protect it. Among the many ways toprotect personal information, administrative law has the unique advantage ofhigh efficiency and good effect, and it is the main position in the protectionof personal information. Currently, the protection of personal information ismostly focused on preventing the infringement of private subjects representedby enterprises, and less attention is paid to the prevention and control measuresof the public power on the infringement of personal information. The authorbelieves that personal information should be defined as a basic right, in orderto be able to give it more complete protection, and thus the protection of publicpower on the protection of basic rights has a dual orientation, on the one hand,should be avoided on the personal information of the undue interference;on the other hand, should be actively take measures or design the relevantsystem in order to safeguard the citizen’s personal information from unlawfulinfringement. And such a dual protection obligation in practice, need to beimplemented by administrative law. The author believes that should be fromlimiting the abuse of administrative power and improve the administrativeorgans to protect the personal information of the citizens of the two aspects ofthe mechanism. On the one hand, through the establishment of administrativeorgans to infringe on citizens’ personal information of the correspondingrelief mechanism and improve the administrative organs infringe on citizens’personal information responsibility system; On the other hand, should buildthe protection of personal information of the special administrative organs,through the improvement of the administrative supervision mechanism for theprotection of complete.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/al.0503021
• 引用： 卞加妮．论大数据时代下个人信息的行政保护机制［J］．法学进展，2023，5（3）：206-214．