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家长主义视野下性侵害儿童犯罪的出罪路径

The Criminal Path of Sexual Offences Against Children from the Perspective of Parentalism

法学进展 / 2023,5(4)：256-268 / 2023-10-27 82 129

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• 作者： 张锐     
• 单位：

  上海政法学院，上海

• 关键词： 刑法家长主义；儿童本位；年龄相仿条款；但书条款
• Criminal paternalism; Child centered; Age similarity clause; Notwithstanding clause
• 摘要： 在性侵害儿童领域，刑法家长主义发挥重大保障作用，正向现代软家长主义发展。刑法家长主义的运用应当具备四大要素必要性、相当性、强迫性和有效性。儿童性权利保护模式随家长主义变化而变化，从“家长本位”转型为“儿童本位”。我国现行性侵害儿童犯罪规定在儿童性同意年龄和年龄相仿条款落实上具有合理性，有效维护儿童利益最大化原则和儿童优先原则。受制于法律本身的落后性，无法对青少年间的性探索行为进行有效规制。法不可轻变，刑法第十三条但书条款在现行法律体系下，通过间接指导法官的个案判决，能够发挥出罪机能。司法解释应当与时俱进进行修正，发挥其能动性。
• In the field of sexual assault on children, criminal paternalismplays a significant protective role and is developing towards modern softpaternalism. The application of criminal paternalism should have four essentialelements: necessity, equivalence, coercion, and effectiveness. The protectionmode of children’s sexual rights has changed with the changes in paternalism,transitioning from a “parent centered” to a “child centered” approach. Thecurrent regulations on sexual assault on children in China have rationalityin implementing provisions on the age of children’s sexual consent and agesimilarity, effectively safeguarding the principle of maximizing children’sinterests and prioritizing children. Due to the backwardness of the law itself,it is impossible to effectively regulate sexual exploration behavior amongadolescents. The law cannot be lightly changed. Under the current legal system,the proviso to Article 13 of the Criminal Law can indirectly guide judges intheir individual judgments, which can exert the function of a crime. Judicialinterpretation should keep up with the times and be revised to give full play toits initiative.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/al.0504025
• 引用： 张锐．家长主义视野下性侵害儿童犯罪的出罪路径［J］．法学进展，2023，5（4）：256-268．