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侦查中个人信息调取行为的法律规制——以第三方信息平台的提供义务为切入点

Legal Regulation of the Act of Access to Personal Information in Investigations —Taking the Provision Obligations of Third-Party Information Platforms as an Entry Point

Criminal Justice Science & Governance / 2025,6(1): 27-36 / 2025-04-29 7 21

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• Authors: 刘千硕     
• Information:

  中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院，武汉

• Keywords: Protection of personal information; Data-driven investigation; Third-party information platform; Information retrieval 个人信息保护；数据型侦查；第三方信息平台；信息调取
• Abstract: With the advent of the big data era, the ecology of personal information digitization has basically been formed, and third-party information platforms have gradually become the core nodes in the process of access to personal information by investigating authorities, and their assisting behaviors have an important impact on the efficiency of investigation and personal information security. However, China’s current laws on the regulation of third-party information platforms in assisting investigations are obviously insufficient, making them face the problems of role conflict and insufficient protection of rights in the practice of assisting investigations. This paper takes the legal regulation of personal information retrieval in investigation as the research object, and for the phenomena of over-scope behavior, information leakage risk and procedural defects of third-party information platforms in assisting investigation, this paper proposes the regulation path centered on the principle of proportionality and the principle of personal participation, and suggests perfecting the platform notification obligation, optimizing the information classification and management, and strengthening procedural norms, so as to achieve the balance between the efficiency of investigation and the protection of personal information. The analysis and optimization of the legal system provide theoretical support and practical reference for the coordinated development of investigation and information governance in the era of big data. 随着大数据时代的来临，个人信息数据化的生态已基本形成，第三方信息平台在侦查机关调取个人信息过程中逐渐成为核心节点，其协助行为对侦查效率和个人信息安全具有重要影响。然而，我国现行法律对第三方信息平台协助侦查的规制存在明显不足，使得其在协助侦查的实践中面临角色冲突和权利保护不足的问题。本文以侦查中个人信息调取行为的法律规制为研究对象，针对第三方信息平台在协助侦查中的超范围行为、信息泄露风险及程序瑕疵等现象，提出以比例原则和个人参与原则为核心的规制路径，建议完善平台告知义务、优化信息分类管理、加强程序性规范，以实现侦查效率与个人信息保护的平衡。通过对法律体系的分析与优化建议，为大数据时代下侦查与信息治理的协调发展提供了理论支持和实践参考。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/cjsg.0601004
• Cite: 刘千硕．侦查中个人信息调取行为的法律规制——以第三方信息平台的提供义务为切入点［J］．刑事司法科学与治理，2025，6（1）：27-36．