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非法持有型妨害信用卡管理罪客观要件分析

Analysis of the Objective Elements of the Crime of Obstructing Credit Card Management by Illegal Possession

Criminal Justice Science & Governance / 2025,6(1): 66-75 / 2025-04-29 6 10

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• Authors: 廖一璇     
• Information:

  中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院，武汉

• Keywords: Obstruction of credit card management; Illegal possession; Credit card of another person; Source; Whereabouts 妨害信用卡管理罪；非法持有；他人信用卡；来源；去向
• Abstract: The act of possessing another person’s credit card is different from the act of selling, acquiring, or borrowing another person’s credit card, and treating the two as the same act makes it impossible to comprehensively evaluate the series of acts related to credit card crimes. The crime of obstructing the management of credit cards by illegal possession is one of the possession-type crimes, and the crime of assisting criminal activities in the information network and other crimes do not belong to the related crimes of illegal possession of other people’s credit cards. This uniqueness determines that this crime is not a simple blocking element, and it is not the only case where the source or destination of another person’s credit card cannot be accounted for. The protection of this crime is the order of credit card management crime, the abstract danger to the legal interests of the need to make substantive judgment. The credit card of another person is limited to the real and effective bank card of another person. The crime of “illegal possession” is a kind of action, and its illegality should be judged by “source + destination”, that is, through the comprehensive judgment of “source + destination” to determine whether the perpetrator has been holding That is to say, through the comprehensive judgment of “source + destination” to determine whether the behavior of the perpetrator who had held or is holding is illegal possession. When judging whether it constitutes illegal possession, under the premise of meeting the quantitative element, if the source of another person’s credit card is legal, it is necessary to further consider whether its destination is legal; if the source of another person’s credit card is illegal, there is no need to further examine its destination; if it is not possible to find out the source and destination of the other person’s credit card, it should be considered that it objectively constitutes illegal possession. 持有他人信用卡行为与出售、收购、借用他人信用卡等行为属于不同的行为，将二者视为同一行为会导致无法全面评价有关信用卡犯罪的系列行为。非法持有型妨害信用卡管理罪属于持有型犯罪之一，帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪等罪名并不属于非法持有他人信用卡的关联罪名。这一独特性决定了本罪并非简单的堵截式构成要件，并非只有无法说明他人信用卡来源、去向的情形才构成本罪。本罪的保护法益是信用卡管理秩序，对法益的抽象危险需要进行实质判断。他人信用卡仅限于他人真实有效的银行卡。本罪的“非法持有”是一种作为，其非法性判断宜采“来源+去向”说，即通过“来源+去向”的综合判断来认定行为人曾经持有或者现阶段持有行为是否属于非法持有。判断是否构成非法持有时，在满足数量要件的前提下，若他人信用卡来源合法，则需要进一步考虑其去向是否合法；若他人信用卡来源违法，则无需进一步考察其去向；若无法查清他人信用卡的来源和去向，也应认为其客观上构成非法持有。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/cjsg.0601008
• Cite: 廖一璇．非法持有型妨害信用卡管理罪客观要件分析［J］．刑事司法科学与治理，2025，6（1）：66-75．