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我国无限额罚金刑的适用困境及完善路径

The Application Dilemma and Improvement Path of Unlimited Fine Punishment

Criminal Justice Science & Governance / 2025,6(1): 57-65 / 2025-04-29 22 17

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• Authors: 曾大庆      王晓戈     
• Information:

  中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院，武汉

• Keywords: Sentencing standardization; Unlimited fine penalty; Supervision; Discretion 量刑规范化；无限额罚金刑；监督；自由裁量
• Abstract: In the sentencing system, fines—as the most widely applied penalty after capital punishment and imprisonment—urgently require enhanced standardization and uniformity. Unlimited fines constitute a significant portion of fine applications, yet their implementation remains disorderly, characterized by vague criteria and procedural irregularities. The root causes of these issues lie not only in substantive law but are more pronounced in procedural law. On the substantive side, the absence of a unified sentencing benchmark has led to disparities in penalty determinations; procedurally, the lack of standardized mechanisms undermines sentencing fairness. Drawing insights from international alternatives to unlimited fines and practices regarding fine enforcement and substitution, and based on China’s current legal framework for fines, we propose the following reforms: Reduce reliance on unlimited fines by combining fixed-amount fines with percentage-based fines; Establish a unified sentencing guideline for fine determinations; Strengthen oversight over fine applications to develop standardized procedural mechanisms. These measures aim to systematically improve the application of unlimited fines in China. 在量刑体系中，罚金刑作为生命刑与自由刑之外适用最广泛的刑罚，其规范性与统一性亟待提升。无限额罚金刑在罚金刑的适用中占比大，且处于无序状态，其适用呈现出标准模糊、程序失范等突出问题。这些问题的根源不仅体现在实体法上，更在于程序法。实体法上缺乏统一的裁量基准导致量刑失衡；程序法上规范机制的缺位影响量刑公正。比较域外无限额罚金刑的替代制度以及罚金的执行方式和替代方法，基于我国现行罚金刑的规定，不妨以限额罚金刑和倍比罚金刑相结合，减少无限额罚金刑的适用；探索建立统一的罚金刑裁量标准；强化对罚金刑适用的监督，以建立规范的程序机制等，进一步完善我国无限额罚金刑的适用。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/cjsg.0601007
• Cite: 曾大庆，王晓戈．我国无限额罚金刑的适用困境及完善路径［J］．刑事司法科学与治理，2025，6（1）：57-65．