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司法鉴定中“人智合作”关系的构建：理论框架与实践路径

The Construction of “Human-AI Cooperation” Relationship in Forensic Identification: Theoretical Framework and Practical Paths

Criminal Justice Science & Governance / 2025,6(2): 147-158 / 2025-12-05 19 6

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• Authors: 凌治博
• Information:

  华东政法大学刑事法学院，上海

• Keywords:
  Forensic identification; Human-machine cooperation; Human-AI cooperation; Partnership principle; Mutual benefit principle; Symbiosis principle
  司法鉴定; 人机合作; 人智合作; 伙伴原则; 互利原则; 共生原则
• Abstract: The scientificity and accuracy of forensic identification depend largely on the performance of instruments and equipment and the professional judgment of appraisers. The traditional “human-machine cooperation” model has problems such as lagging technology adaptation and demand response, limited crossdomain collaboration and application capabilities, and conflicts between cognitive bias and scientific judgment The new “human-AI cooperation” model, by virtue of the deep integration of intelligent technology and human experience, shows a strong innovative driving force and injects new productive forces into forensic identification. However, although the “human-AI cooperation” model has shown significant potential, its application may also bring many negative effects. Issues of technical credibility, cross-examination, and new cognitive biases will affect the determination of facts; due to the real possibility of subject dislocation and ethical anomie, it may also cause “creative destruction” to the existing system. To better balance the convenience and risks brought by human- AI cooperation, this paper proposes three core principles for constructing a new type of human-AI relationship based on the WSR (Wu (physical) - Shi (organizational logic) - Ren (human)) methodology - the principle of partnership, the principle of mutual benefit, and the principle of symbiosis. It explores a credible and sustainable human-AI cooperation mechanism from the dimensions of technological optimization, ethical regulation, and institutional adaptation, so as to provide a theoretical framework and practical path for the intelligent and standardized transformation of forensic identification. 司法鉴定的科学性与准确性在很大程度上依赖于仪器设备的性能和鉴定人员的专业判断。传统“人机合作”模式呈现技术适配与需求响应滞后、跨域协作与应用能力受限、认知偏差与科学判断冲突等问题；新型“人智合作”模式则凭借智能技术与人类经验的深度融合，展现出强大的创新驱动力，为司法鉴定注入新质生产力。然而，“人智合作”模式虽展现出显著的潜力，但其应用过程中亦可能带来诸多负效应：技术可信性、质证和新认知偏差问题会对事实认定造成影响；因存在主体失位与伦理失范的现实可能性，对既有制度也可能造成“创造性破坏”。为更好地平衡人智合作带来的便利与风险，本文基于WSR（物理—事理—人理）方法论，提出构建新型人智关系的三个核心原则——伙伴原则、互利原则与共生原则，并从技术优化、伦理规制与制度适配三维度，探索可信、可持续的人智合作机制，为司法鉴定智能化与规范化转型提供理论框架与实践路径。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/cjsg.0602016
• Cite: 凌治博．司法鉴定中“人智合作”关系的构建：理论框架与实践路径［J］．刑事司法科学与治理，2025，6（2）：147-158．