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风险社会视角下人工智能辅助电子数据取证的挑战与策略研究

The Challenges and Strategies of AI-Assisted Electronic Data Forensics from the Perspective of Risk Society

Criminal Justice Science & Governance / 2025,6(2): 51-60 / 2025-12-05 13 6

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• Authors: 叶振鑫
• Information:

  中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院，武汉

• Keywords:
  Risk society; Artificial intelligence; Electronic data forensics; Risk-generation mechanism
  风险社会; 人工智能; 电子数据取证; 风险生成机制
• Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted electronic data forensics is not only a practical necessity but also an inevitable trend for the future. While AI provides development opportunities for the advancement of electronic data forensics, it also inevitably gives rise to a series of forensic risks. Grounded in risk society theory, this paper clarifies the categories of risks inherent in AI-assisted forensics and systematically analyzes the risk-generation mechanism from three dimensions: risk subjects, risk nodes, and risk levels. It identifies that current forensic risks manifest as both direct and indirect risks, procedural risks arising in the stages of preparation, implementation, and application, and cyclical risks characterized by the phases of latency, outbreak, diffusion, and mitigation. Based on an analysis of the challenges these risks pose to legal regulation, this paper proposes constructing an electronic data forensic system that balances technological development with legal risk control. With the primacy of human agency as its core value orientation, the system aims to achieve synergy among trustworthy technology, standardized forensics, and effective rights relief. The research seeks to provide theoretical reference for the compliant application of AI-assisted electronic data forensics in criminal proceedings and promote the positive interaction between technology and the rule of law. 人工智能辅助电子数据取证不仅是现实之需，还是未来必然。在为电子数据取证提供发展机会的同时，人工智能亦不可避免地引发一系列取证风险。本文立足风险社会理论，厘清人工智能辅助取证的风险类型，从风险主体、风险节点与风险程度三个维度，系统分析人工智能辅助电子数据取证的风险生成机制，指出当前取证风险具体表现为直接与间接取证风险，前期—实施—应用阶段的流程性风险，以及潜伏期—爆发期—扩散期—平复期的周期性风险特征。在剖析以上风险对法律规制挑战的基础上，本文提出以人的主体地位为核心价值导向，以技术可信化、取证规范与权利救济协同化为目标，构建兼顾技术发展与法律风险平衡的电子数据取证体系，以期为刑事诉讼中人工智能辅助电子数据取证的合规应用提供理论参考，推动技术与法治的良性互动。关键词｜风险社会；人工智能；电子数据取证；风险生
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/cjsg.0602006
• Cite: 叶振鑫．风险社会视角下人工智能辅助电子数据取证的挑战与策略研究［J］．刑事司法科学与治理，2025，6（2）：51-60．