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青少年“上头”电子烟毒品违法犯罪治理政策的困境与完善研究

Study on the Dilemma and Improvement of Policies for the Control of Juvenile “Top” E-cigarettes Drug Offences

Criminal Justice Science & Governance / 2025,6(2): 123-132 / 2025-12-05 22 12

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• Authors: 杨韬¹² 刘亚慧¹² 郑志祥¹² 杨立志³ 滕汉飞⁴
• Information:

  1．甘肃政法大学司法警察学院（公安分院），兰州；
  2．甘肃政法大学，甘肃省证据科学技术研究与应用重点实验室，兰州；
  3．甘肃省公安厅禁毒总队，兰州；
  4．甘肃省公安厅，甘肃省反恐重点实验室，兰州

• Keywords:
  “Top” E-cigarettes; Adolescents; Drug-related offences; Governance policies
  “上头”电子烟; 青少年; 毒品违法犯罪; 治理政策
• Abstract: The “Top” E-cigarettes, characterized by miniaturization, concealment, and diversification, have become a carrier for new types of drugs. Criminals mix new drug components such as etomidate and synthetic cannabinoids into them, posing a serious threat to the physical and mental health of adolescents. In terms of governance policies, current challenges such as the conflict between the legality of e-cigarette carriers and the regulation of “Top” E-cigarettes, insufficient professional capabilities of law enforcement agencies, poor interdepartmental collaborative law enforcement and information sharing mechanisms, and a mismatch between grassroots law enforcement forces and resource allocation. Drawing on useful foreign experiences, such as the UK’s single-act regulation, the US FDA’s risk-based supervision, and the Nordic social co-governance model, this paper proposes a three-in-one governance optimization path of “technical supervision - policy reconstruction - embedded governance”. This includes measures to improve laws and regulations, strengthen crime governance mechanisms from multiple dimensions, and innovating preventive education, in order to establish a source prevention and control system for drug-related crimes, protect adolescents from drug hazards, and maintain social harmony and stability. “上头”电子烟凭借其小型化、隐蔽化、多元化特点，成为新型毒品的载体，不法分子在其中掺入依托咪酯、合成大麻素等新型毒品成分，对青少年身心健康构成严重威胁。在治理政策方面，当前面临电子烟载体合法性与“上头”电子烟监管冲突、执法部门专业能力不足、跨部门协同执法和信息共享机制不畅、基层执法力量与资源配备不匹配等困境。借鉴国外有益经验，如英国单行法列管模式、美国FDA风险监管机制及北欧社会共治模式，提出“技术监管—政策重构—嵌入治理”三位一体治理优化路径，包括健全法律法规、多维度强化犯罪治理机制、革新预防教育等措施，以构建青少年毒品违法犯罪源头防控体系，保护青少年免受毒品侵害，维护社会和谐稳定。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/cjsg.0602013
• Cite: 杨韬，刘亚慧，郑志祥，等．青少年“上头”电子烟毒品违法犯罪治理政策的困境与完善研究［J］．刑事司法科学与治理，2025，6（2）：123-132．