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疑难命案现场重建的检察履职创新——基于“有限度认定”模式的构建与实践

Innovation in Procuratorial Performance in Crime Scene Reconstruction for Difficult Homicide Cases — The Construction and Practice of the “Limited Determination” Model

鄢静, 严世红, 黄清

Criminal Justice Science & Governance / 2026,7(1): 55-72 / 2026-07-14 19 7

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• Information:

  广东省广州市人民检察院，广州

• Keywords:
  Crime scene reconstruction; Difficult homicide cases; Limited determination; Evidence integration; Procuratorial performance
  犯罪现场重建; 疑难命案; 有限度认定; 证据整合; 检察履职
• Abstract: Crime scene reconstruction is a core aspect of handling difficult homicide cases. However, the traditional “precision positioning” model has become largely ineffective in cold cases due to objective constraints such as the loss of the original scene and fragmented evidence. Using the robbery case of Zhao XX and Huang XX as an analytical sample, this paper systematically expounds the “limited determination” model innovatively applied by the procuratorial organ: at the evidence review stage, three categories of evidence groups — “positional characteristics, behavioral connections, and injury corroboration” — are constructed to achieve a systematic integration of fragmented evidence; at the fact-finding stage, a three-step reasoning method of “feature comparison, correlation corroboration, and reasonable exclusion” is applied to ensure the uniqueness and exclusivity of the scene determination conclusion; and at the model construction level, four constitutive requirements are defined — “clear core features, a complete and closed evidence chain, comprehensive exclusion of reasonable doubt, and verifiable core facts” — thereby defining strict application boundaries. The theoretical contribution of this model lies in revealing a viable path beyond “absolute restoration” and promoting a paradigm shift in crime scene reconstruction research from an “investigation-centered” to a “procuratorial-centered” approach. Its practical value is that it provides a replicable guidance scheme for procuratorial organs nationwide in handling similar cases, achieving an organic balance between combating crime and protecting human rights. 犯罪现场重建是疑难命案办理的核心环节，但传统“精准化定位”模式因现场灭失、证据碎片化等客观限制，在陈年积案中已基本失效。本文以赵某某、黄某某抢劫案为分析样本，系统阐释检察机关创新适用的“有限度认定”模式：在证据审查阶段，构建“位置特征—行为关联—损伤印证”三类证据群，实现从碎片化证据到证据的体系化整合；在事实认定阶段，运用“特征比对—关联印证—合理排除”三步推理法，确保现场认定结论的唯一性与排他性；在模式建构层面，明确“核心特征明确、证据链完整闭环、合理怀疑全面排除、核心事实可证”四大构成要件，划定严格的适用边界。该模式的理论贡献在于，揭示了“绝对还原”之外的另一条可行路径，推动了犯罪现场重建研究从“侦查中心”向“检察中心”的范式转换；实践价值在于，为全国检察机关办理同类案件提供了可复制的指引方案，实现了打击犯罪与保障人权的有机平衡。
• DOI: 10.35534/cjsg.0701006
• Cite: 鄢静，严世红，黄清．疑难命案现场重建的检察履职创新——基于“有限度认定”模式的构建与实践［J］．刑事司法科学与治理，2026，7（1）：55-72．