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以修德获至幸福：以《尼各马可伦理学》和《论语》为主要考察对象

Virtue Cultivation Inspired Happiness: The Nicomachean Ethics and the Analects in Focus

Linguistics / 2021,3(1): 282-296 / 2021-03-22 2932 849

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• Authors: 龙爱仁
• Information:

  浙江外国语学院，杭州

• Keywords:
  Nicomachean Ethics; The Analects; Virtuous Activity; Doctrine of the Mean; Happiness
  《尼各马可伦理学》; 《论语》; 德性活动; 中庸; 幸福
• Abstract: The questions of what constitute virtue and its contribution to happiness are fundamental to mankind. The Nicomachean Ethics as well as the Analects, respectively, explore this profound relationship. In Aristotle’s view, the ultimate function of man is to attain a state of “eudemonia”, which is to be achieved by sustained virtuous activity of the soul. In contrast, the Analects makes no mention of the character “Fu”(happiness). Moreover, Confucius’ recognition -as ultimate temporal goals- of the ethical concepts of humaneness and ritual, are unrelated to the pursuit of happiness. Nevertheless, both doctrines argue that rational and virtuous activities are the only means to realizing their respective interpretations of the golden-mean, and that adherence to them do contribute to one’s ultimate happiness. Accordingly, both works share the view that Happiness is not predetermined; rather, its attainment requires no small amount of effort. “德性”与“幸福”是人类的基本问题，《尼各马可伦理学》和《论语》分别对 二者的关系问题进行了深刻的探讨。《尼各马可伦理学》认为，人类对幸福的 追求是一切的意义所在。在亚里士多德看来，人的终极功能，就是理性灵魂的 德性活动所带来的“eudaimonia”，即幸福。《论语》中并没有提及“福”字， 而且孔子所推崇的“仁”“礼”为道德伦理规范，就是人的终极目标，与求“福” 或“快乐”无关。尽管如此，两个学说都认为，一方面用理性克服阻碍、以求 实现德性的那种活动，是一种实现“中庸”的幸福生活的手段；另一方面，该 活动本身就是一种幸福，能够产生快乐。对这两本书来说，幸福不是天然生成的， 而是反宿命的，是需要积极奋斗方能获得的。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/lin.0301013
• Cite:
  龙爱仁．以修德获至幸福：以《尼各马可伦理学》和《论语》为主要考察对象［J］．语言学，
  2021，3（1）：282-296．