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社会变迁视域下当代武术门派发展的失序与重塑

社会变迁；武术门派；失序；重塑

Leisure Sports and Health / 2025,5(2): 68-72 / 2025-10-31 7 12

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• Authors: 万利 郭文科 李坤函
• Information:

  湖北大学体育学院，武汉

• Keywords:
  Social change; Martial arts schools; Disorder; Reconstruction
  社会变迁; 武术门派; 失序; 重塑
• Abstract: The patriarchal order of the Ming-Qing period provided martial-arts schools with a closed “protective shell”, which enabled the proliferation and refined stylization of boxing styles. However, it confined techniques to single-line blood inheritance and lacked trans-regional upgrading channels. During the Republic, of China era, with the rise of the nation-state, public education, the Central Guoshu Institute and mass media jointly promoted the first cross-regional integration of martial-arts schools, allowing them to share political premiums. Nevertheless, the de-lineageization of organizations not only led to the personalization of authority but also weakened the diversity of boxing styles through standardized routines. In the early years of the People’s Republic of China, the overall reorganization integrated boxing styles into the national competition and cultural tourism system. While this brought capital flows, it also resulted in multiple dilutions of master-disciple ethics and authentic techniques due to political labels, competitive aesthetics and consumer contracts. Currently, martial-arts schools are confronted with various disorders: the fading of traditional school concepts, the chaotic emergence and disorganization of new schools, overcommercialization driven by the market economy, and the vacuum in school governance structures. In response, this paper proposes countermeasures: reconstructing school identity through inheritance narratives, implementing supervision over the registration of new schools, resisting the excessive commercialization of martial-arts schools, and promoting the transformation of internal governance of schools. 明清宗法社会赋予武术门派封闭传播的“安全壳”，促成拳种裂变与深度风格化，却将技术局限于单线血缘，缺乏跨域升级通道；民国时期民族国家崛起，公共教育、国术馆与大众传媒推动门派首次跨域整合，并使其得以分享政治溢价，但组织去宗族化导致权威个人化，也使拳种多样性被标准套路削弱。新中国初期的总体性重组，将拳种纳入国家竞赛与文旅体系，虽带来资本流量，却伴随政治标签、竞技审美与消费合约对师徒伦理和原真技法的多重稀释。当前武术门派发展面临诸多失序现象：传统门派观念淡化、新生门派杂生与失范、市场经济驱使下的过度商业化、门派治理结构真空。对此，本文提出对策：以传承叙事重构门派认同、对新生门派注册实施监管、抵御武术门派过度商业化、推动门派内部治理转型。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/lsh.0502011 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 万利，郭文科，李坤函．社会变迁视域下当代武术门派发展的失序与重塑［J］．休闲运动与健康，2025，5（2）：68-72．