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大学生锻炼动机的潜在剖面分析及对其锻炼行为的影响

The Potential Profile Analysis of College Students’ Exercise Motivation and Its Impact on Their Exercise Behavior

Leisure Sports and Health / 2025,5(3): 67-74 / 2026-01-12 3 2

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• Authors: 陈冠伸
• Information:

  湖北大学体育学院，武汉

• Keywords:
  Self-determination theory; Exercise motivation; Exercise behavior; Potential profiling
  自我决定理论; 锻炼动机; 锻炼行为; 潜在剖面分析
• Abstract: Objective: Based on the self-determination theory, this paper discusses the relationship between the motivation profile and the exercise stage and amount of exercise, and provides theoretical support and practical paths for colleges and universities to improve their physical fitness by optimizing the physical exercise behavior of college students. Methods: An online questionnaire survey was conducted in which a total of 484 college students completed the questionnaire. Among them, 248 were males and 236 were females. Through the “Exercise Behavior Regulation Questionnaire - 3rd Edition” “Physical Exercise Rating Scale”, and “Exercise Change Stage Questionnaire”. Their exercise motivation, exercise volume, and exercise stage were measured. Mplus 8.7 and SPSS 26.0 were used to analyze the data. Results: The optimal defitting of 4 profiles was found by latent profile analysis (LPA), which were as follows: Profile 1 (medium autonomy-moderate control profile), Profile 2 (high autonomy-low control profile), Profile 3 (medium autonomy-low control profile), and Profiling 4 (high autonomy-high control profiling). Chi-square test results showed that there was a significant correlation between motivation profiles and exercise stages (χ2 (12) = 24.574, p < 0.05), profile 3 and Profile 2 are related to the exercise phase that has begun, and profile 4 and Profile 1 are related to the exercise phase that has not been started. Univariate analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in the amount of exercise in different motivational profiles, and the exercise amount in Profile 3 was significantly better than that in other sections. Conclusion: (1) There are four different potential categories of college students’ exercise motivation; (2) The mode with obvious advantages of self-initiative is conducive to exercise, which is conducive to promoting the initiation and maintenance of college students’ exercise and supporting the theory of self-determination; (3) The difference between self-motivation and control motivation is small, and high control motivation may weaken the positive effect of autonomic motivation, resulting in reduced or unsustainable exercise behaviors. 目的：本文基于自我决定理论探讨大学生锻炼动机的剖面，以及动机剖面与锻炼阶段和锻炼量的关系，为各高校通过优化大学生体育锻炼行为来提升其体质健康水平提供理论支撑与实践路径。方法：研究采用线上问卷调查，共484名在校大学生完成问卷填写。其中男性248，女性236名。通过锻炼行为调节问卷—第3版、体育锻炼等级量表、锻炼改变阶段问卷对其锻炼动机、锻炼量及锻炼阶段进行测量。采用Mplus8.7和SPSS26.0软件对数据进行分析。结果：通过潜在剖面分析（LPA）发现4个剖面的解拟合最优，4个剖面分别为：剖面1（中自主—中控制剖面）、剖面2（高自主—低控制剖面）、剖面3（中自主—低控制剖面）、剖面4（高自主—高控制剖面），经过卡方检验得出动机剖面与锻炼阶段相关显著（χ2（12）=24.574，p<0.05），剖面3和剖面2与已经开始锻炼阶段有关，剖面4和剖面1与未开始锻炼阶段有关。经过单因素方差分析表明，不同动机剖面人群锻炼量存在显著差异，剖面3的锻炼量要显著优于其余剖面。结论：（1）大学生锻炼动机的存在4种不同潜在类别；（2）自主动机优势明显的模式利于锻炼，有利于促进大学生锻炼行为的启动与保持，支持自我决定理论；（3）自主动机和控制动机差异较小时，高控制动机可能削弱自主动机的积极作用，导致锻炼行为减少或无法持续。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/lsh.0503012 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 陈冠伸．大学生锻炼动机的潜在剖面分析及对其锻炼行为的影响［J］．休闲运动与健康，2025，5（3）：67-74．