国际中文开源期刊平台

清代内务府太监养老制度考

A Study on the Elderly Care System of eunuchs in the Qing Dynasty’s Internal Affairs Office

社会科学进展 / 2023,5(5)：389-399 / 2023-09-21 148 141

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• 作者： 蔡政忠¹      侯志君²      杨莲¹      曾辉³      张鸣珊¹      Tsai      Cheng-Chung⁴     
• 单位：

  1．韶关学院教育科学学院，韶关；
  2．玉林师范学院政法学院，玉林；
  3．延世大学社会福利学院，首尔；
  4．Krirk University，Bangkok Thailand

• 关键词： 内务府；太监；互助养老；抱团养老；养老义会
• Ministry of internal affairs; Eunuchs; Mutual assistance for elderly care; Holding a group for elderly care; Elderly care association
• 摘要： 孝道是中国悠久传统，养儿防老、养老送终在中国早已深入文化。《孝经》有云“孝子之事亲也，居则致其敬，养则致其乐，病则致其忧，丧则致其哀，祭则致其严，五者备矣，然后能事亲”，本文聚焦在专为太监退休成立的“养老义会”组织进行研究，清朝内务府太监以寺庙为依托，成立养老义会，入会者可以相互扶持，由年轻者照顾年老者，由后死者送先死者并负责春秋祭扫，此做法将中国古代家庭关系加以延伸，但太监的“终老之家”虽有“家”的形式，实质却是群体自助和群体内部的互助。在相同工作、相似年龄又无后嗣的太监群体，从“拟亲属关系”到“类家族群体”的“抱团养老”模式，本文旨在探查全球最古老的互助养老模式与了解清朝太监们养老送终的需求。
• Filial piety is a long-standing tradition in China, and raising children to prevent old age and take care of the elderly to see the end has long beendeeply rooted in Chinese culture. The Book of Filial Piety states that “filial pietyis a matter of kinship, residence is a matter of respect, upbringing is a matterof joy, illness is a matter of sorrow, mourning is a matter of sorrow, sacrifice isa matter of strictness, and the five are prepared, and then one can be a matterof kinship.” This article focuses on the “Elderly Care Association” organizationestablished specifically for the retirement of eunuchs. During the QingDynasty, eunuchs in the Ministry of Internal Affairs established the ElderlyCare Association based on temples, where those who joined the associationcan support each other and the young take care of the elderly, The practiceof sending the deceased first and being responsible for spring and autumnsacrifices extends the family relationship in ancient China. However, althougheunuchs’ ‘home for the elderly’ takes the form of a ‘home’, its essence is groupself-help and mutual assistance within the group. This article aims to explorethe oldest mutual assistance elderly care model in the world and understand theneeds of Qing Dynasty eunuchs to take care of their elderly and see them off,from the “pseudo kinship” to the “quasi family group” of eunuchs who work thesame age and have no offspring.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pss.0505035
• 引用： 蔡政忠，侯志君，杨莲，等．清代内务府太监养老制度考［J］．社会科学进展，2023，5（5）：389-399．