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未成年人刑罚威慑效能研究及优化策略

Research on the Deterrence Effectiveness of Penalties for Minors and Optimization Strategies

Progress in Social Sciences / 2025,7(5): 391-396 / 2025-05-23 81 30

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• Authors: 唐诗 何佳龄
• Information:

  上海政法学院，上海

• Keywords:
  Juvenile delinquency; Penal deterrence of criminal law; Crime prevention
  未成年人犯罪：刑法威慑; 犯罪预防
• Abstract: In the construction of a society ruled by law, criminal law plays a crucial role in maintaining social order and safeguarding citizens’ rights and interests. However, with the development of society, juvenile delinquency has shown trends of younger age of offenders, more complex means, and increasingly serious nature, becoming a prominent social issue. The reduction of the minimum age of criminal responsibility in the Eleventh Amendment to the Criminal Law is a proactive response to these challenges. This amendment aims to strengthen the education and protection of minors and provide legal support for the prevention and suppression of crimes committed by them. The theory of penal deterrence has evolved through various stages, including the era of retributive punishment, deterrent punishment, and reformative punishment, accumulating rich theoretical and practical experience. Nevertheless, in practice, the effectiveness of penal deterrence is constrained by multiple factors. Especially in the context of juvenile delinquency, the deterrent effect of penalties is limited due to the physical and psychological characteristics of minors, as well as family and social environmental factors. This paper will conduct an in - depth analysis of the background of the amendments in the Eleventh Amendment to the Criminal Law, review the historical evolution and theoretical foundation of penal deterrence effectiveness. It will explore the reasons for the limited role of penal deterrence from multiple dimensions, such as social, family, and individual psychological aspects. Furthermore, this paper will propose targeted optimization paths and improvement suggestions, striving to provide scientific legal guidance and practical solutions for preventing and combating juvenile delinquency, and contributing to the construction of a more comprehensive judicial protection system for minors. 在法治社会建设中，刑法是维护秩序、保障权益的关键。但伴随社会发展，未成年人犯罪呈现低龄化、手段复杂化、性质严重化的趋势，已然成为亟待解决的突出社会问题。《刑法修正案（十一）》下调刑事责任年龄，正是对这一挑战的积极回应，旨在强化未成年人教育保护，为犯罪预防与打击提供法律支撑。刑罚威慑理论历经报复刑、威慑刑、教育刑等阶段发展，积累了丰富理论与实践经验。然而在实践中，其发挥受到多种因素制约，尤其在未成年人犯罪领域，因未成年人身心特点、家庭与社会环境等因素影响，刑罚威慑效果有限。本文将深入剖析《刑法修正案（十一）》的修改背景，系统梳理刑罚威慑效能的历史演进脉络与理论根基，从社会、家庭、个体心理等多维度探讨刑罚威慑作用受限的原因，提出具有针对性的优化路径与改进建议，力求为预防和打击未成年人犯罪提供科学的法律指引与实践方案，助力构建更完善的未成年人司法保护体系。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/pss.0705068
• Cite: 唐诗，何佳龄．未成年人刑罚威慑效能研究及优化策略［J］．社会科学进展，2025，7（5）：391-396.