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发展权保障视角下轻罪附随性制裁的限制适用

Restrictive Application of Collateral Sanctions for Misdemeanors: From the Perspective of Safeguarding the Right to Development

Progress in Social Sciences / 2025,7(7): 558-565 / 2025-07-24 16 8

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• Authors: 闻小龙 豆文博
• Information:

  上海政法学院，上海

• Keywords:
  Misdemeanor governance; Safeguarding the right to development; Collateral sanctions; Restrictive application
  轻罪治理; 发展权保障; 附随性制裁; 限制适用
• Abstract: Collateral sanctions imposed for misdemeanors suffer from issues including a lack of standardization at the normative level, disproportionality in severity, and collateral effects. Furthermore, the scope of their impact is amplified by the continuous establishment of new misdemeanor offenses, thereby posing a challenge to the core value of safeguarding the right to development. At present, China lacks the practical conditions for the comprehensive abolition of collateral sanctions; such sanctions remain necessary for certain serious crimes, including violent and occupational crimes. General misdemeanants, however, should be exempt from such collateral sanctions. Efforts to restrict collateral sanctions for misdemeanors can be grounded in the proposition that the right to development constitutes one of the primary human rights. At the legislative level, standardization of collateral sanctions—both in criteria and application— should be achieved. The authority to impose collateral sanctions must be reserved exclusively for the Criminal Law. A criminal record sealing system should be established for misdemeanants, while provisions entailing collateral consequences within collateral sanctions must be purged. At the judicial level, the substantive objectives of collateral sanctions—namely, crime prevention and fostering social governance—must be clearly recognized. The imposition of occupational bans should be applied rationally, with perpetual collateral sanctions being avoided for misdemeanants. 轻罪附随性制裁存在包括规范层面不统一、严厉程度失衡、株连效应等问题，同时其辐射范围由于轻罪的不断设立而得到放大，对发展权保障的价值目标形成挑战。当下我国尚不具备全面废除附随性制裁的土壤和条件，对于部分包括暴力犯罪以及职务犯罪在内的重罪仍有保留之必要，一般的轻犯罪则不应受到附随性制裁。对轻罪附随性制裁进行限制可以基于发展权是最首要的人权之一这一命题展开。立法层面，应统一附随性制裁标准与适用，将设置附随性制裁的权力全部收归刑法，针对轻犯罪人设置犯罪记录封存制度，同时清理附随性制裁中的株连内容。司法层面，应明确附随性制裁预防犯罪、服务社会治理的实质目的，合理设置从业禁止，避免对轻犯罪人适用终身的附随制裁。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/pss.0707095
• Cite: 闻小龙，豆文博．发展权保障视角下轻罪附随性制裁的限制适用［J］．社会科学进展，2025，7（7）：558-565.