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从整全性视角论道德强制的限度

On the Limits of Moral Coercion from the Perspective of Integrity

Progress in Social Sciences / 2025,7(10): 789-795 / 2025-10-30 18 12

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• Authors: 王小桑
• Information:

  上海政法学院法律学院，上海

• Keywords:
  Moral coercion; Public morality; Private morality; Comprehensive doctrine
  道德强制; 公德; 私德; 整全性
• Abstract: Moral coercion involves three core questions: whether the state can evaluate all moral issues, whether the state has the authority to enforce such evaluations, and how to distinguish the enforceable parts. The state has no right to evaluate all moral issues; instead, it should classify morality into public morality and private morality. Public morality aims to safeguard public interests, involving social order and collective well-being. The state may impose necessary coercion on the basis of law. Private morality, by contrast, relates to individuals’ value choices and private relationships, featuring diversity and non-public nature. The state must remain neutral to avoid value bias. Public morality and private morality differ in terms of purpose, object, and domain. This distinction defines two types of areas: one where commonly agreed-upon standards must be adopted, and the other where moral standards can be freely chosen. Furthermore, the study explores the feasibility and practical limits of mandatory enforcement in the field of public morality, while emphasizing that the state’s neutral stance in private morality is rooted in the comprehensive doctrine— aimed at respecting individual freedom and pluralistic values equally. The research advocates establishing a mechanism for legalizing public morality based on public interests, and strictly restricting state intervention in private domains. This approach is intended to balance the tension between moral authority and individual freedom. 道德强制包括三个核心问题，分别是国家能否对所有道德进行评价、国家是否有权力执行这一评价，以及如何对可强制执行的部分进行区分。国家无权对所有道德问题进行评价，而应将其区分为公共道德与私人道德：公德以维护公共利益为旨归，涉及社会秩序与集体福祉，国家可基于法律实施必要强制；私德则关涉个体价值选择与私人关系，具有多元性与非公共性，国家须保持中立以避免价值偏袒。公德和私德在目的、对象和领域等方面存在区分，通过二者的区分，划分了必须选择共同同意标准的领域和可以自由选择道德标准的领域。进而探讨公德领域强制执行的可行性及其现实限度，同时强调私德领域的中立立场根植于整全性理论，旨在平等尊重个体自由与多元价值。研究主张构建以公共利益为基准的公德法律化机制，并在私域中严格限制国家干预，以此平衡道德权威与个人自由的张力。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/pss.0710134 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 王小桑．从整全性视角论道德强制的限度［J］．社会科学进展，2025，7（10）：789-795.