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见义勇为补偿请求权的体系构建

Systematic Construction of the Claim for Compensation for Righteous Acts

车昊媛¹, 童航²

Progress in Social Sciences / 2026,8(4): 257-263 / 2026-04-24 17 13

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• Information:

  1. 浙江农林大学集贤学院，杭州；
  2. 浙江农林大学生态文明研究院，杭州

• Keywords:
  Act of heroism; Right to claim compensation; Compensation by beneficiary; Negotiorum gestio; Multiple remedies
  见义勇为; 补偿请求权; 受益人补偿; 无因管理; 多元救济
• Abstract: The right to claim compensation for heroic acts plays a key role in coordinating the interests among the rescuer, the beneficiary, and the tortfeasor. It aims to address the practical problem and moral dilemma of the rescuer “bleeding and weeping” (i.e., suffering harm without recompense). This right partakes of both the nature of special negotiorum gestio and administrative assistance, and its legitimacy is grounded in the reasoning of fairness and justice. The establishment of this right requires three elements: a heroic act, actual damage, and the tortfeasor’s inability to bear liability. The amount of compensation should be determined by taking into account such factors as the victim’s loss, the beneficiary’s gain, and the economic conditions of both parties. The current single-beneficiary compensation mechanism has limitations, necessitating the construction of a multi-faceted relief system. That system should center on the coordination between beneficiary compensation and tortfeasor liability, with the state assuming a fallback role based on the doctrine of administrative assistance. Meanwhile, social forces and market mechanisms should be introduced to enhance the effectiveness of protection, ensuring that those who perform heroic acts receive adequate relief, and providing them with institutional safeguards that are both legally legitimate and practically operable. 见义勇为补偿请求权在协调救助者、受益人与侵权人三者利益关系中占据关键地位。其旨在解决救助者“流血又流泪”的现实难题及道德困境。见义勇为补偿请求权兼具特殊无因管理与行政协助性质，公平正义理念证成了见义勇为补偿请求权的正当性。见义勇为补偿请求权的成立需具备见义勇为行为、实际损害及侵权人无法担责三要件，补偿数额应综合受害人损失、受益人受益情况、双方经济状况等因素确定。现行单一受益人补偿机制存在局限，需构建多元救济体系，即以受益人补偿与侵权人赔偿衔接为核心，国家基于行政协助法理承担兜底责任，同时引入社会力量与市场机制放大保障效能，确保见义勇为者获得充分救济，为见义勇为者提供兼具法理正当性与实践操作性的制度保障。
• DOI: 10.35534/pss.0804047 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 车昊媛，童航．见义勇为补偿请求权的体系构建［J］．社会科学进展，2026，8（4）：257-263.