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币原外交时期日本对华关税自主运动政策研究——以北京特别关税会议为个案分析

A Study of Japan’s Policy toward China’s Tariff Autonomy Movement during the Shidehara Diplomacy —A Case Study of the Beijing Special Tariff Conference

祖航宇

Progress in Social Sciences / 2026,8(7): 632-637 / 2026-07-28 14 7

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• Information:

  江苏师范大学历史文化与公共管理学院，徐州

• Keywords:
  Shidehara diplomacy; Tariff autonomy movement; Beijing special tariff conference; Sino–japanese relations; Japan’s policy toward China
  币原外交; 关税自主; 北京特别关税会议; 中日关系; 日本对华政策
• Abstract: During the 1920s, China’s Tariff Autonomy Movement advanced alongside the rise of Chinese nationalism and the campaign to abolish the unequal treaties. Against this background, the Beijing Special Tariff Conference became a significant attempt by China to restore its tariff autonomy and an important venue for examining the adjustment of the powers’ policies toward China. Focusing on the Beijing Special Tariff Conference, this study draws upon Japanese diplomatic records and diplomatic documents of the Republic of China to examine Japan’s policy toward China’s Tariff Autonomy Movement during the Shidehara Diplomacy and the underlying logic of its policy formulation. The study argues that, although Japan formally acknowledged China’s claim to tariff autonomy, it effectively delayed its realization by linking tariff autonomy to the abolition of the likin system, restricting the rates of surtaxes, and intervening in the allocation of tariff revenues, thereby safeguarding its economic interests in China. This policy reflected the characteristics of the Shidehara Diplomacy, which emphasized international cooperation within the framework of the Washington System, while remaining fundamentally committed to preserving Japan’s imperial interests in China. The Beijing Special Tariff Conference thus reveals the pragmatic approach adopted by the Shidehara government in balancing the rise of Chinese nationalism with Japan’s interests in China, and provides a new perspective for understanding Japan’s China policy and the development of Sino–Japanese relations in the 1920s. 20世纪20年代，中国关税自主运动伴随着民族主义高涨和废除不平等条约运动不断深入，北京特别关税会议成为中国争取关税自主的重要实践，也是考察列强对华政策调整的重要窗口。本文以北京特别关税会议为中心，结合日本外交文书及中华民国时期外交文献，考察币原外交时期日本对中国关税自主运动的政策取向及其形成逻辑。研究认为，日本帝国主义政府在会议上表面承认中国恢复关税自主的原则，实则通过捆绑裁厘、限制附加税等手段拖延中国关税自主进程，以此保全其在华殖民经济特权。这一政策既体现了币原外交顺应华盛顿体系、强调国际协调的特点，也反映出其始终未突破维护日本在华既得利益的根本立场。北京特别关税会议揭示了币原外交在处理中国民族主义高涨与日本在华利益之间所采取的现实主义策略，为理解20世纪20年代日本对华外交政策及中日关系的发展提供了新的研究视角。
• DOI: 10.35534/pss.0807109 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 祖航宇．币原外交时期日本对华关税自主运动政策研究——以北京特别关税会议为个案分析［J］．社会科学进展，2026，8（7）：632-637.