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不同训练频率对高中生短跑速度与下肢力量水平的影响

The Effects of Different Training Frequencies on Students’ Sprint Speed and Lower Limb Strength Level

Study on China Physical Science / 2026,8(1): 28-34 / 2026-03-11 97 78

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• Authors: 王长健 皮鹏 梁宇婷 李伟 黎章奥
• Information:

  四川农业大学，雅安

• Keywords:
  Training frequency; Sprint speed; Lower-limb explosive power; High school students; Track and field training
  训练频率; 短跑速度; 下肢爆发力; 高中生; 运动训练
• Abstract: Objective: Under the condition of keeping the training content and cycle consistent, to explore the influence of different training frequencies on the sprint speed and lower limb explosive power of high school students, and to provide a basis for the scientific arrangement of training frequencies. Method: A pre-test - post-test control group experimental design was adopted. Taking 60 male students from the track and field specialized training team of Nanyang No. 5 Middle School as the research subjects, they were randomly divided into a high-frequency group (4 times a week) and a low-frequency group (2 times a week). Under the premise that only the training frequency was different and the training content was the same, a 12-week intervention was carried out. The speed level of short-distance running is evaluated by 30-meter and 50-meter runs, and the explosive power level of the lower limbs is evaluated by standing long jump and vertical jump in place. Statistical analysis was conducted using paired sample t-tests and independent sample t-tests, and the Hedges ‘g effect size was calculated. The effect sizes reached -2.08 and -2.64 respectively, showing a large effect. Result: After the intervention, the improvement amplitudes of the 30-meter and 50-meter running scores in the high-frequency group were significantly greater than those in the low-frequency group (p <0.001), with effect sizes of g = -2.08 and g = -2.64, respectively. In terms of lower limb explosive power, the improvement amplitude of the highfrequency group in standing long jump and vertical jump in place was also significantly better than that of the lowfrequency group (p <0.001), with effect sizes of g = 2.36 and g = 1.52, respectively. The effect sizes reached -2.08 and -2.64 respectively, showing a large effect. Conclusion: Under the premise of the same training content and period, a higher training frequency (4 times a week) can more effectively promote the development of sprint speed and lower limb explosive power of high school students, with significant effects and great practical significance. 目的：在控制训练内容与周期一致的条件下，探究不同训练频率对高中生短跑速度与下肢爆发力的影响，为训练频率的科学安排提供依据。方法：采用前测-后测对照组实验设计。以南阳五中田径专项训练队60名男生为研究对象，随机分为高频组（每周4次）与低频组（每周2次），在仅训练频率不同，训练内容相同的前提下进行为期12周干预。以30m跑、50m跑评价短跑速度水平，以立定跳远和原地纵跳评价下肢爆发力水平。采用配对样本t检验和独立样本t检验进行统计分析，并计算Hedges’g效应量。结果：干预后，高频组在30m和50m跑成绩上的提升幅度均显著大于低频组（p<0.001），效应量分别为g=−2.08和g=−2.64，表现为大效应。在下肢爆发力方面，高频组在立定跳远和原地纵跳上的提升幅度亦显著优于低频组（p<0.001），效应量分别为g=2.36和g=1.52。效应量分别达到−2.08和−2.64，表现为大效应。结论：在训练内容与周期相同的前提下，较高的训练频率（每周4次）能更有效地促进高中生短跑速度与下肢爆发力的发展，效应显著且具有较大的实践意义。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/scps.0801005 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 王长健，皮鹏，梁宇婷，等．不同训练频率对高中生短跑速度与下肢力量水平的影响［J］．中国体育研究，2026，8（1）：28-34.