International Open Access Journal Platform

面向社区福祉的山地旅游风险前置治理研究——基于户外运动参与者风险感知偏差与风险外溢的质性分析

Proactive Risk Governance in Mountain Tourism for Community Well-being: A Qualitative Analysis of Risk Perception Biases and Risk Spillovers among Outdoor Sports Participants

谢正伟¹, 唐嘉美²

Study on China Physical Science / 2026,8(2): 158-165 / 2026-07-24 16 8

View Download PDF

• Information:

  1. 四川大学体育学院，成都；
  2. 四川大学教育培训部，成都

• Keywords:
  Mountain tourism; Community well-being; Outdoor sports; Risk perception bias; Risk spillover
  山地旅游; 社区福祉; 户外运动; 风险感知偏差; 风险外溢
• Abstract: The popularization of mountain tourism and outdoor sports has created economic opportunities for national parks and surrounding communities while simultaneously increasing pressure on safety governance. Existing studies have mainly examined community well-being in terms of ecological conservation, community participation, or tourism benefits, but have paid insufficient attention to how tourists’ risk perception biases evolve from individual psychological tendencies into community-level costs associated with rescue operations, environmental cleanup, order maintenance, and local governance. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 43 outdoor sports participants and related stakeholders, supplemented by 219 questionnaires, this study adopts a grounded theory-informed qualitative approach to examine the risk imaginaries, risk perception biases, and on-site decision failures of participants with different levels of experience before and during mountain tourism activities, as well as their effects on local communities. The findings show that social-media narratives portraying such activities as easy, commercial marketing that lowers perceived entry barriers, and the inertia of urban safety expectations jointly construct a ‘low-risk mountain imaginary.’ First-time participants primarily lack frameworks for risk judgment; low-frequency participants display overconfidence based on limited experience; and repeat participants exhibit experience-induced risk complacency. These biases enter accident chains through inappropriate equipment choices, disregard for weather conditions, reluctance to turn back, uncritical reliance on leaders, and ad hoc route changes, and subsequently spill over into the safety, ecological, daily-life, and governance dimensions of community well-being. Accordingly, this study develops an explanatory model centered on ‘risk spillover’ and proposes shifting risk governance upstream through route risk classification, truthful risk disclosures by online platforms, community guides and safety stations, equipment checks, accountability mechanisms for informal organizers, and education on responsible retreat. 山地旅游与户外运动大众化扩张，使国家公园及周边社区同时获得产业机会与安全治理压力。既有研究多从生态保护、社区参与或旅游收益讨论社区福祉，较少解释游客风险感知偏差如何由个体心理问题转化为社区救援、生态清理、秩序维护与基层治理成本。本文基于43名户外运动参与者及相关主体的半结构式访谈，并辅以219份问卷资料，采用扎根理论取向的质性分析方法，考察不同经验阶段户外运动参与者进入山地旅游空间前后的风险想象、风险感知偏差、现场决策失灵及其社区影响。研究发现：社交媒体轻松化叙事、商业营销低门槛化和城市生活安全惯性共同塑造“低风险山地想象”；初体验者的主要问题是缺乏判断框架，低频参与者表现为半经验自信，多次参与者则呈现经验型风险麻痹；风险感知偏差会通过装备误配、忽视天气、不愿折返、盲从领队和临时改线进入事故链，并进一步外溢为社区安全福祉、生态福祉、生活福祉与治理福祉的损耗。据此，本文提出以“风险外溢”为核心范畴的解释模型，并主张通过路线风险分级、平台真实提示、社区向导与安全驿站、装备核验、野生召集人责任约束和安全退却教育，将风险治理关口前移。
• DOI: 10.35534/scps.0802023 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 谢正伟，唐嘉美．面向社区福祉的山地旅游风险前置治理研究——基于户外运动参与者风险感知偏差与风险外溢的质性分析［J］．中国体育研究，2026，8（2）：158-165.