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佛学中的自我与西方心理学中自我发展目标的异同——基于跨文化视角的青少年自我发展研究综述

The Self in Buddhism and Self-Development Goals in Western Psychology: A Cross-Cultural Review of Adolescent Self-Development

Education Study / 2025,7(10): 1060-1067 / 2025-10-22 24 13

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• Authors: 张紫馨
• Information:

  广东技术师范大学，广州

• Keywords:
  Buddhism; Western psychology; Self; Goals of self-development; Cross-culture; Adolescence
  佛学; 西方心理学; 自我; 自我发展目标; 跨文化; 青少年
• Abstract: From a cross-cultural perspective, this study focuses on the field of adolescent self-development, systematically examining the core connotations of the conception of the self in Buddhism and the goals of self-development in Western psychology. Employing a literature review method, it compares the similarities and differences between the two in terms of theoretical foundations, developmental pathways, and ultimate orientations. Furthermore, by integrating empirical studies on adolescent self-development, the study explores the differentiated goals of adolescent self-development in cross-cultural contexts and their cultural roots. The study finds that Buddhism centers on the concept of “nonself ”, advocating the transcendence of attachment to the “self ” through spiritual practices such as meditation and mindfulness, thereby achieving liberation from individual limitations. In contrast, Western psychology—represented by psychoanalysis, self-identity theory, and other frameworks—takes “self-construction” as its core, emphasizing the formation of a stable, independent, and socially adaptive self through processes like separation-individuation and identity exploration. While the two differ significantly in their cognitive starting points regarding the “self ” and their developmental goals, they share complementarity in practical aspects such as regulating the relationship between the self and others and promoting mental health. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the diversity of adolescent self-development in cross-cultural contexts and offers cross-culturally integrated insights for adolescent mental health education and intervention. 本研究从跨文化视角出发，聚焦青少年自我发展领域，系统梳理佛学中的自我观与西方心理学中自我发展目标的核心内涵，通过文献综述法对比二者在理论基础、发展路径与终极指向等方面的异同，并结合青少年自我发展的实证研究，探讨跨文化情境下青少年自我发展的差异化目标及其文化根源。研究发现，佛学以“无我”为核心，主张通过禅定、观照等修持破除对“自我”的执着，实现超越个体局限的解脱；西方心理学（以精神分析、自我同一性理论等为代表）则以“自我建构”为核心，强调通过分离—个体化、同一性探索等过程形成稳定、独立且适应社会的自我。二者虽在对“自我”的认知起点与发展目标上存在显著差异，但在调节自我与他人关系、促进心理健康等实践层面存在互补性。研究为理解跨文化情境中青少年自我发展的多样性提供理论依据，也为青少年心理健康教育与干预提供跨文化整合的思路。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/es.0710200（DOI 注册中）
• Cite: 张紫馨．佛学中的自我与西方心理学中自我发展目标的异同——基于跨文化视角的青少年自我发展研究综述［J］．教育研讨，2025，7（10）：1060-1067．