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中国高等教育东西部区域不平等研究——基于教育公平的视域

Regional Inequality in Higher Education between Eastern and Western China: A Perspective of Educational Equity

黄温瑞

Education Study / 2026,8(4): 319-325 / 2026-04-17 23 17

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• Information:

  苏州大学教育学院，苏州

• Keywords:
  Educational equity; Regional inequality between eastern and western China; Theory of justice; Resource allocation
  教育公平; 东西部区域不平等; 正义理论; 资源配置
• Abstract: China’s regional development of higher education exhibits a pronounced “East-strong, West-weak” pattern, characterized by significant imbalances across multiple dimensions including resource distribution, admission opportunities, funding allocation, and faculty quality. Drawing upon nearly five years of publicly available educational statistics and grounded in John Bordley Rawls’s theory of “justice as fairness”, this study examines the current manifestations of regional inequality in higher education from four analytical perspectives: opportunity equity, input equity, process equity, and outcome equity. It explores the intricate relationships between this inequality pattern and various contributing factors — historical accumulation, policy effects, economic development disparities, and market mechanisms — while integrating recent policy developments to discuss optimization pathways. The study puts forward optimization paths such as differentiated compensatory policies, coordinated development of economy and education, and resource sharing mechanism aiming to provide theoretical insights and practical implications for advancing higher education fairness and regional coordination. 中国高等教育区域发展呈现显著的“东强西弱”格局，具体表现为资源分布、录取机会、经费投入及师资力量等维度的非均衡性特征。本文基于近五年教育领域公开统计数据，结合罗尔斯的“作为公平的正义”理论，从机会公平、投入公平、过程公平、结果公平四个视角，深入探讨高等教育东西部区域不平等的现状特征，揭示不平等格局的形成与历史积累、政策效果、经济发展差异、市场机制作用等因素的内在关联，并结合最新政策实践探讨优化路径。本研究提出差异化补偿政策、经济与教育协同发展、资源共享机制等优化路径，旨在促进高等教育公平与区域协调发展，为相关实践提供理论参考与现实启示。
• DOI: 10.35534/es.0804059 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 黄温瑞．中国高等教育东西部区域不平等研究——基于教育公平的视域［J］．教育研讨，2026，8（4）：319-325．