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基于DBR的儿童早期自适应编程学习系统构建与实践成效分析

Development and Analysis of the Practical Outcomes of an Early Childhood Adaptive Programming Learning System Based on DBR

吴欣颖, 姜怡婧, 王楠, 陈翠

Education Study / 2026,8(4): 408-414 / 2026-04-28 9 5

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• Information:

  苏州科技大学教育学院，苏州

• Keywords:
  Adaptive learning system; Early childhood programming; DBR; Personalized learning
  自适应学习系统; 幼儿编程; DBR; 个性化学习
• Abstract: Existing programming tools for young children often have limitations in terms of age appropriateness and personalized learning support. This study adopts a Design-Based Research (DBR) paradigm to develop an intelligent adaptive programming learning system for children aged 5–8. The system underwent three rounds of iteration, gradually refining core functions such as rule-based adaptive prompts, a simple AI learning assistant, and a tiered difficulty adjustment mechanism. To validate the system’s effectiveness, a 6-week quasi-experimental study was conducted with 59 senior-kindergarten students from two kindergartens in Suzhou, comparing the teaching outcomes of this system with those of the traditional Scratch Jr. The findings revealed that the post-test programming proficiency of children in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group and showed a sustained upward trend. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was observed between task difficulty levels and programming performance, providing empirical evidence for the effectiveness of the system’s difficulty-matching mechanism. Qualitative analysis further confirmed that the emotional scaffolding provided by the adaptive system effectively enhanced the children’s task persistence and emotional stability. 现有幼儿编程工具在适龄性和个性化学习支持方面往往存在局限。本研究以设计型研究（DBR）为范式，构建面向5～8岁儿童的智能适应性编程学习系统。系统历经三轮迭代，逐步完善基于规则的自适应提示、简易AI伴学助手及分级难度调整机制等核心功能。为验证系统有效性，以苏州市两所幼儿园59名大班幼儿为研究对象，开展了为期6周的准实验研究，对比本系统与传统Scratch Jr的教学效果。研究发现：实验组幼儿后测编程水平显著高于对照组，且呈持续上升趋势；任务星级与编程成绩呈显著正相关，为系统难度匹配机制的有效性提供了实证依据；质性分析进一步证实，自适应系统提供的情感支架，有效提升了幼儿的任务持续性与情绪稳定性。
• DOI: 10.35534/es.0804074 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 吴欣颖，姜怡婧，王楠，等．基于DBR的儿童早期自适应编程学习系统构建与实践成效分析［J］．教育研讨，2026，8（4）：408-414．