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硕士毕业生就业“意向—行为”互动的四重图景 ——一项基于扎根理论的质性研究

Quadruple Scenarios of Master’s Graduates’ Employment Intention-Action Interaction: A Grounded Theory Qualitative Study

冯艳霞

Education Study / 2026,8(6): 600-609 / 2026-06-12 23 12

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• Information:

  苏州大学教育学院，苏州

• Keywords:
  Master’s students; Employment intention; Employment action; Interaction patterns
  硕士毕业生; 就业意向; 就业行为; 互动类型
• Abstract: To deepen the understanding of the employment preparation status of in-school master’s students and to advance the personalization and precision of university employment support, this study focuses on the interaction patterns between their career intentions and actual actions. Employing the Grounded Theory methodology, the research constructs four ideal types of “intention-action” dynamics and develops a dynamic analytical framework. The findings indicate that: First, the employment preparation of graduate students is not a linear, homogeneous process. There exists a complex, asymmetrical relationship between their intentions and actions, manifesting in four types of interaction: “embedded symbiosis”, “difficulty in transformation”, “high action generating low intention”, and “mutual inhibition.” Second, these four types represent typical patterns of graduate students’ employment preparation. An individual’s type attribution is deeply influenced by structural factors such as institutional settings, socio-economic conditions, and interpersonal networks, and possesses a potential dynamism that may lead to transformation in response to changes in timing or environmental interventions. Accordingly, to effectively enhance the employability of graduate students, this study recommends that higher education institutions should: (1) Establish a dynamic assessment system to identify student heterogeneity and provide differentiated, targeted guidance; (2) Develop a systematic institutional support system that is responsive to market demands; and (3) Construct a multi-stakeholder collaborative educational ecosystem to systematically improve the employment competitiveness of graduate students. 为深入了解在校硕士研究生的就业准备状况，推动高校就业支持工作的个性化与精准化，本研究聚焦于其就业意向与实际行动间的互动模式，通过运用扎根理论方法，构建“意向—行为”的四种理想类型，并形成一个分析框架。研究表明：其一，研究生的就业准备并非线性、同质化的过程，其意向与行动之间存在复杂的非对称关系，呈现出“嵌入共生、转化困难、高生成低、互相抑制”的四种互动关系；其二，四种类型反映了研究生就业准备的样态，个体的类型归属受制度、社会经济与人际网络等结构性因素的影响，具备因时机变化或环境干预而发生转变的潜在动态性。据此，为有效提升研究生的就业能力，研究提出建议：（1）高校须建立动态评估体系以识别学生群体的异质性，并提供差异化精准指导；（2）发展能够适应市场需求、系统化制度性支持体系；（3）构建多方联动的协同育人体系，系统性提升研究生就业竞争力。
• DOI: 10.35534/es.0806107 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 冯艳霞．硕士毕业生就业“意向—行为”互动的四重图景——一项基于扎根理论的质性研究［J］．教育研讨，2026，8（6）：600-609．