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宗教信仰与自我的关系探析 ——基于景颇族自我构念与自尊的实证研究

An Analysis of the Relationship between Religious Belief and Self —An Empirical Research Based on Self-construct and Selfesteem of Jingpo

中国心理学前沿 / 2020,2(8)：746-759  / 2020-08-20 656 639

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• 作者： 乔艳阳¹      宋征莉²      张积家³*     
• 单位：

  1．中共天津市委党校（天津行政学院，中共天津党史研究室）公共管理教研部 ( 心理调适中 心），天津； 
  2．中央民族大学教育学院，北京； 
  3．中国人民大学心理学系，北京

• 关键词： 景颇族；自我构念；外显自尊；内隐自尊；辩证思维
• Jingpo nationality; Self-construal; Explicit self-esteem; Implicit selfesteem; Dialectical thinking
• 摘要： 使用定量和定性相结合的混合研究方法，考察信仰不同宗教的景颇族 大学生宗教信仰与自我的关系。定量研究结果发现：（1）与信传统宗教的景颇 族大学生比，信基督教的景颇族大学生表现出更明显的独立型自我构念；（2）自我构念的差异进一步影响内隐自尊：无论参照对象，信基督教的景颇族大学 生均表现出稳定的内隐自尊效应，而信传统宗教的景颇族大学生仅在将“自我” 与“他人”比较时才表现出内隐自尊效应，且其内隐自尊表现出辩证性特点；（3） 信传统宗教和信基督教的景颇族大学生外显自尊无显著差异，且都未表现出辩 证性自尊特点。深度访谈反映了两个问题：（1）信传统宗教和信基督教的景颇 族大学生多是家族信教，部分景颇族同胞因追求文明生活和戒除不良习俗选择 了信基督教；（2）信传统宗教的景颇族家庭表现出强调长幼有序、内群体偏好 的垂直型集体主义特点，而信基督教的景颇族家庭表现出强调博爱、平等的水 平型个体主义特点。总体研究结果表明，民族宗教信仰与自我构念、自尊存在 双向影响，为深入理解宗教与心理的交互作用、揭示宗教心理和行为的背后原 因提供了借鉴。
• The study investigated the relationship between religious belief and self of students of different religions. The results showed that: (1) compared with traditional Jingpo college students, Christianity Jingpo college students showed more independent self-construct; (2) The differences of self-construct further influenced the effect of implicit self-esteem. Regardless of the reference objects, Christian Jingpo students showed the effect of implicit self-esteem, while traditional Jingpo students only showed the effect of implicit self-esteem when comparing “self” with “others”. Besides, its implicit self-esteem showed the characteristic of dialectics; (3) there was no significant difference in explicit self-esteem between these two groups of students, and neither of them showed the characteristics of dialectical self-esteem. In-depth interview data showed that: (1) Some of Christian Jingpo chose to believe in Christianity because they pursued a relatively civilized life and abstain from unhealthy customs; (2) The vertical collectivism were showed with the traditional Jingpo students who emphasis on the order of seniority, while the horizontal individualism were showed with Christianity Jingpo students who emphasis on fraternity and equality. Research results showed a bidirectional effect between the national religious beliefs and self, provided the reference for both the religious work of ethnic minority areas and the ideological and political education work.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0208053
• 引用： 乔艳阳，宋征莉，张积家．宗教信仰与自我的关系探析——基于景颇族自我构念与自尊的实证研 究［J］．中国心理学前沿，2020，2（8）：746-759．