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民间天崇拜心理特点的质性探索——以鲁南临沂地区敬天活动为例

Qualitative Exploration of the Psychological Characteristics of Folk Tian Worship —Taking Folk Sacrificial Activities to Tian in Linyi Area as Sample

中国心理学前沿 / 2020,2(10)：1093-1106 / 2020-10-14 681 550

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• 作者： 董锋      李朝旭*      刘云鹏      孔亚亚     
• 单位：

  曲阜师范大学心理学院，曲阜

• 关键词： 天崇拜；民间信仰；敬天；祖先崇拜
• The worship of Tian; Folk faith; The folk sacrifice of Tian; Ancestor worship
• 摘要： 天在中国人心中具有特殊地位，是中国人的一种信仰，在民间也将天称为老天爷。在一些地区 存在对天的祭祀活动。本研究以山东省临沂西北地区的敬天活动为例，运用半结构访谈和观察法，探究 当地人对天的信仰和崇拜以及宗教心理特点。使用 Nvivo 11.0 Plus 质性分析软件分析后产生三级编码： 一级编码产生 37 个节点，二级编码产生 6 个节点，1 个核心式编码（“天崇拜”）。结果发现，临沂地 区的敬天是一种以家庭为单位的小规模民间信仰活动。人们对于天的情感态度具有二重性，不同时间会 产生不同的情感态度。在春节时期的敬天，人们的表现和当地的墓地祭祖相似，人们对待天的情感和行 为是一种祭祖式感戴；在非春节时间，人们则以一种祈求的态度进行敬天活动，体现对天的敬畏感与交 换企求，这是一种工具性的膜拜情感。此外，当地人认为敬天是一种信仰，这种区域性的敬天会给当地 群众带来慰藉并缓解生存焦虑，带给个人对未来的美好愿景，同时能够给个体以安全感，并能够起到约 束和教化作用。
• Tian has a special place in the souls of the Chinese people. It is a kind of spiritual faith of the Chinese people, and is also called as “lao tian ye” among the people. In some areas, there are sacrificial rites to Tian. The worship of Tian in south Shan Dong province was sampled for study, and the semi-structured interview and observation method were used to explore the local people’s faith and worship of Tian as well as religious psychological characteristics. After analysis with Nvivo 11.0 Plus qualitative analysis software, a three-level code was generated: the first-level code generated 37 nodes, the second-level code generated 6 nodes, and one core code (“Tian worship”). The results show that the sacrificial Tian in Linyi area is a small-scale folk faith activity based on family. And people’s affective attitudes towards Tian have differences, while they are different at different times. During the Spring Festival, people’s behavior is similar to that of ancestor worship in local cemeteries. People’s emotion and behavior towards Tian is a kind of ancestor-worship-like gratitude. But in the non-Spring Festival time, people worship Tian with a praying attitude, which reflects the awe of Tian and exchange desire, which is a kind of instrumental cult. In addition, local people believe that worship of Tian is a kind of faith. Such regional worship of Tian can bring comfort to local people, relieve their anxiety for survival, bring individuals a better vision for the future, provide individuals with a sense of security, and play a role of restraint and enlightenment.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0210079
• 引用： 董锋，李朝旭，刘云鹏，等．民间天崇拜心理特点的质性探索——以鲁南临沂地区敬天活动为例［J］．中国心理学前沿， 2020，2（10）：1093-1106．