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拔毛癖的心理危害、形成机制与治疗

Psychological Impairment, Formation Mechanism and Treatment in Trichotillomania

Psychology of China / 2022,4(2): 105-120 / 2022-02-14 1480 1019

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• Authors: 谢俊杰 王云强
• Information:

  南京师范大学，南京

• Keywords:
  Trichotillomania; Psychological impairment; Formation mechanism; Psychological model; Treatment
  拔毛癖; 心理危害; 形成机制; 心理模型; 治疗
• Abstract: Trichotillomania (TTM) is a debilitating mental disorder. Patient’s behavior is characterized by the repetitive pulling out of own hair, resulting in hair loss and marked psychological impairment. Patients with TTM usually show lower self-esteem, suffer from mental disorders such as anxiety and depression, and their psychosocial function is seriously affected. However, the formation mechanism of TTM is not clear. Researchers have explored and explained it from the aspects of genetics, biology, trauma and personality. Relevant psychological models have been proposed to understand the occurrence and development of TTM. Cognitive behavioral therapy such as habit reversal training, acceptance and commitment therapy and dialectical behavior therapy are often used as psychotherapy, but there are no first-line medications that would be generally accepted for treatment. At present, the academic circles lack of understanding of TTM. Future research can be carried out from many aspects, such as epidemiology, comorbid symptoms, formation mechanism, treatment and so on. 拔毛癖是一种使人衰弱的精神障碍，患有该疾病的个体会反复拔掉身体上的毛发，导致毛发减少、脱发，带来显著的心理危害。拔毛癖患者通常表现较低的自尊，伴随焦虑症、抑郁症等精神障碍，同时心理社会功能受到严重影响。然而该疾病的形成机制尚不清楚，研究者从遗传学、生物学、创伤、人格等方面进行了 探究和解释，提出了相关心理模型来理解拔毛癖的发生发展。习惯逆转训练、接纳承诺疗法、辨证行为疗法等认知行为疗法常作为心理治疗手段，但没有普遍接受的一线药物用于治疗。目前学界对拔毛癖的认识不足，未来的研究可从流行病学、共病、形成机制以及治疗等多方面展开。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0402014
• Cite: 谢俊杰，王云强．拔毛癖的心理危害、形成机制与治疗［J］．中国心理学前沿，2022，4（2）：105-120．